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Jewish/ Early Christian Art Originally created by Mr. Douglas Darracott, Plano West HS Plano, TX

Jewish/ Early Christian Art Originally created by Mr. Douglas Darracott, Plano West HS Plano, TX. First Temple/ Solomon’s Temple/ Destroyed / Nebuchadnezzar II (NB)/ Siege of Jerusalem in 587 BCE. What was and What is. Dome of the Rock/ 691 CE Temple Mount.

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Jewish/ Early Christian Art Originally created by Mr. Douglas Darracott, Plano West HS Plano, TX

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  1. Jewish/Early Christian ArtOriginally created by Mr. Douglas Darracott, PlanoWest HS Plano, TX

  2. First Temple/ Solomon’s Temple/Destroyed / Nebuchadnezzar II (NB)/ Siege of Jerusalem in 587 BCE

  3. What was and What is Dome of the Rock/ 691 CE Temple Mount Artist depiction of the First Temple

  4. Ark of the Covenant Carrying the Ark of the Covenant: gilded bas-relief at the Auch Cathedral (1822) Moses and Joshua bowing before the Ark, painting by James Jacques Joseph Tissot, c. 1900

  5. “Herod’s Temple”/ Second Temple/ Cyrus and Darius/ 538 BCE

  6. Second Temple/ Destroyed 70 CE/ Triumphal procession on Arch of Titus/ Rome

  7. Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem/ David Roberts/ 1850 painting

  8. Masada- King Herod and the Jewish Revolts

  9. Pharaoh’s Daughter Finding Moses, detail of a mural painting from a synagogue at Dura-Europos (Syria), c. 250/ Jewish stories/ Art forms?

  10. Diaspora/ Acculturation Torah Ark/ Szeged • Jews divided into distinct regional groups which today are generally addressed according to two primary geographical groupings: • Ashkenazi Jews of Northern and Eastern Europe • Sephardi Jews of Iberia, North Africa and the Middle East

  11. Ultra-Orthodox Jews Carrying Torah Scrolls

  12. Schism of Jews and Non-Jews • Jewish Revolts against Romans • Masada- King Herod and others • Scapegoats • Jesus as a “good Jew” • Passover supper was “Last Supper” over the tomb of King David • When Christians would not fight Romans in revolt, schism would drive wedge between Jews and non-Jews

  13. EARLY CHRISTIANITYBEFORE FIRST COUNCIL OF NICEA IN 325

  14. APOSTOLIC AGE“JEWISH CHRISTIANITY”

  15. The Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles. Russian, 14th.c., Moscow Museum

  16. Early Christianity-Original Twelve picked by Jesus* • Peter (Simon) - crucified upside-down in Rome c. AD 64. • Andrew (Peter’s brother) – crucified upon an X-shaped cross • James, the Greater (son of Zebedee)- beheaded in AD 44, first of the twelve to die • John, the Evangelist (brother of James)- believed to have died of natural causes due to old age • Philip- crucified in AD 54. • Bartholomew (also known as Nathaniel) - flayed alive (skinned) and then beheaded • Thomas- killed by a spear in Mylapore, Madras, India in AD 72. • James, The Less (son of Alphaeus) - stoned at age 90 then clubbed to death. • Jude (Thaddeus, the son of James) - clubbed to death then beheaded • Simon, the Zealot or Cananaean - sawn in half in AD 74. • Judas Iscariot, the Betrayer - according to Matthew, hanged himself after betraying Jesus • Matthias (Judas Iscariot’s replacement) - stoned and beheaded*

  17. Duccio di Buoninsegna Jesus Appearing to his Apostles 1308-1311

  18. Peter (Simon) - One of Twelve Apostles - Saint / Martyr • First Pope of Catholic Church • Put to death by Emperor Nero? • Gospel of Mark • Keys of Heaven • Rome Peter Paul Rubens- 1611-1612

  19. Andrew - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint / Martyr • Brother of Peter • Disciple of John the Baptist • Old Man long hair and beard / Scroll • Patras Saint Andrew the Apostle, icon by Bulgarian iconographer Yoan from Gabrovo, 19th century

  20. James, the Greater - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint / Martyr • Brother of John • Scallop/ Pilgrim’s Hat • Santiago de Compostela Saint James the Elder / Rembrandt/ 1661

  21. John - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint / the Evangelist • Brother of James the Greater • Natural Causes • Book, Eagle, Chalice Saint John the Evangelist / Hans Memling/ 1468

  22. Phillip (Philip) - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint / Martyr • Christianity and Islam • Crucified upside down • Basket of loaves / Tau Cross Saint Phillip / PP Rubens / 1611 / Apostle Series

  23. Bartholomew (Nathaniel) - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint / Martyr • Christianity and Islam - Turkey – (Armenia) • Knife / Flayed Skin St. John (l) and Bartholomew (r)/ Giovanni di Niccolo Luteri / 1527 /

  24. Thomas - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint • Doubting Thomas • Outside Roman Empire- India • Placing finger/ Spear (Martyrdom) / Square- builder The Incredulity of Saint Thomas/ Caravaggio / 1601-1602

  25. Matthew - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint/ Evangelist/ Martyr • Salerno, Italy • Angel / Accountants Evangelist Matthew Inspired by an Angel/ Rembrandt / 1661

  26. James the Lesser (Younger) - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint • Carpenter’s saw / Book St. James the Less / Fresco/ Vladimir, Russia / 12c

  27. Jude (Thaddeus) - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint /Martyr • Ax, Club, boat, oar, medallion Carpenter’s rule • Lost causes • Rome / Armenia Apostle Judas Thaddeus/ van Dyck/ 1619-1621

  28. Simon the Zealot (Avenging Priests) - One of Twelve Apostles • Saint /Martyr • Christianity and Islam (Berbers) • Oar, boat, cross and saw, fish, book • Toulouse, Rome Saint Simon / Vojnik, Slovenia

  29. Judas Iscariot • One of Twelve Apostles • Betrayer of Jesus • 30 pieces of silver • Kiss Kiss of Judas / Giotto/ 1304-06

  30. Church of the Holy Sepulchre

  31. Initial Centers of the Faith Alexandria Jerusalem Antioch

  32. Initial Centers of the Faith Rome Constantinople Vs

  33. Rome, Constantinople, and Christianity • Roman Empire begins 27 BCE • Diocletian divides the empire in 286 CE • Christianity officially recognized in 313 • Constantine moves capital to Constantinople in 330 • Roman Empire officially splits in 395 • Western Empire collapses in 476 • Church splits into Western (Catholic) and Eastern (Orthodox) Churches- Schism of 1054 • Ottonian Empire (Holy Roman Empire) in 962 • Byzantine Empire ends in 1453

  34. Early Christian settlements in Cappadoccia (Turkey)

  35. Paul/100+ churches/cave dwellers/first seeds of Christianity

  36. Sarcophagus with philosopher, orant, and Old and New Testament scenes from Santa Maria Antiqua (Rome), c. 270, marble

  37. The First Council of Nicaea in 325 promotion of Christianity by Emperor Constantine I in the Roman Empire Used to mark the end of early Christianity beginning the era of the first seven Ecumenical Councils.

  38. Via Appia outside Rome

  39. Entry to Christian Catacombs outside Rome

  40. Painted ceiling of a cubiculum in the Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcelllinus (Rome), early 4th century

  41. catacomb/ Edict of Milan/ loculi and cubicula

  42. lunettes depicting the story of Jonah/ reference to the dome of heaven/ orans figures/ refrigerium/ Christ as the Good Shepherd

  43. Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (Rome), c. 359

  44. Junius Bassus/ Roman vs. Asiatic manner of sarcophagus decoration

  45. depiction of Christ and a sky god/ avoidance of the Crucifixion

  46. Use of Old Testament stories juxtaposed with scenes from the New Testament/ use of art to educate and convert

  47. Christ enthroned, c. 350-375, marble/influences?

  48. The Good Shepherd, 4th century CE, marble/lamb

  49. Mithras and the Sacrifice of the Bull/Persian Religion will take on Christian symbolism later

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