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Learning Objectives:

Good Morning  Monday May 13, 2013 -Mrs. Schramm 1. Please have a seat. 2. Write down the Learning Objectives. 3. Begin answering the Warm U p questions. Learning Objectives: Be able to explain the differences between a nonspecific and specific immune response.

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Learning Objectives:

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  1. Good Morning  Monday May 13, 2013 -Mrs. Schramm 1. Please have a seat. 2. Write down the Learning Objectives. 3. Begin answering the Warm Up questions. Learning Objectives: • Be able to explain the differences between a nonspecific and specific immune response. • Be able to explain how vaccines prevent infections caused by viruses. Warm Up: • What do you think the purpose of the immune system is? • What are the main structures/parts of the body that make up the immune system? • What kinds of factors (pathogens) can trigger an immune response? • What do you think the difference is between a “Specific Immune Response” and a “Nonspecific Immune Response?

  2. Good Morning  Monday May 13, 2013 -Mrs. Schramm 1. Please have a seat. 2. Write down the Learning Objectives. 3. Begin answering the Warm Up questions. Learning Objectives: • Be able to explain the differences between a nonspecific and specific immune response. • Be able to explain how vaccines prevent infections caused by viruses.

  3. Warm Up: • What do you think the purpose of the immune system is? To fight infection (foreign pathogens) by producing cells to inactivate pathogens or infected body cells.

  4. Warm Up: 2. What are the main structures/parts of the body that make up the immune system? -Skin -Blood Cells (white) -Mucus Membranes -Bone Marrow -Thymus -Lymph Nodes

  5. Warm Up: 3. What kinds of factors (pathogens) can trigger an immune response? Anything that the body does not recognize as itself: -Viruses -Bacteria -Fungus -Protists

  6. Warm Up: 4. What do you think the difference is between a “Specific Immune Response” and a “Nonspecific Immune Response? Specific will target one germ (pathogen), while nonspecific will block all germs in the same way.

  7. Class Notes: The Immune System • Body system that fights infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells.

  8. Pathogen: • A foreign agent that causes harm to a host cell/organism. Causes disease. Examples: bacteria, viruses, protists, prions, fungus

  9. Nonspecific Defense: Does not discriminate between one threat and another. • First line of Defense: The skin provides the most important barrier to infection by pathogens. Preventing pathogens from entering the body is the best way to prevent infection.

  10. Nonspecific Defense: Does not discriminate between one threat and another. • Body secretions that help prevent infection: mucus, saliva, and tears all contain Lysozyme • (an enzyme that breaks down the cell walls of bacteria)

  11. Nonspecific Defense: Does not discriminate between one threat and another. b. Other Barriers: Pathogens can also enter through natural opening in the skin. • Examples: Eyes, ears, nose, mouth. • To prevent pathogen entry humans have: earwax in the ears, mucus in the nose and throat, and hydrochloricacidin the stomach to destroy pathogens that get passed the skin.

  12. Nonspecific Defense: Does not discriminate between one threat and another. • Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.

  13. Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory Response • Body produces millions of white blood cells. • Blood vessels expand to carry white blood cells to the site of injury/infection. • Surrounding tissues become swollen with extra cells and fluid • Fever: most pathogens can only live within a narrow temperature range.

  14. Think, Pair, Share with a Partner: • Explain a situation that resulted in you or someone you know having a nonspecific immune response.

  15. Specific Immune Response: Goes into action when nonspecific response has failed to prevent pathogen from entering the body. Specific Defense: An immune response that attacks a specific pathogen

  16. Specific Immune Response 1. White Blood Cells: Macrophage (Phagocyte), B-Cells, T-Cells 2. Antigen: Any substance that triggers an immune response.

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