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What is panel data?

What is panel data?. ”I have data from a web panel” ≠ panel data When the same people respond twice (t>1) AND at least one variable are measured twice. - traditionally, the main use of panel data has been to improve causal inference in observational studies.

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What is panel data?

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  1. What is panel data? • ”I have data from a web panel” ≠ panel data • When the same people respond twice (t>1) • AND at least one variable are measured twice

  2. - traditionally, the main use of panel data has been to improve causal inference in observational studies

  3. But the problems of causal inference also go deeper • Maybe some Xs are not exogeneous to your Y?

  4. EU

  5. EU EU EU

  6. With T=2 it doesnt matter • With T>2 long format is often prefered • Wide format is easier to understand, and some descriptive statistics is easier to get • For causal analysis through panel regression models, long format is necessary

  7. Collection of panel data through VAAs • The VAAs main function here is to collect e-mailadresses • So primarily a way to recruit a web panel • Or simply to start a specific panel data collection

  8. The swedish panel data example • sample recruited in 2009 and 2010 • Wave 1 in early 2014 • Wave 2 spring 2014 • Wave 3 just before the EUP election in May 2014 • Wave 4 just after the EUP election in May 2014 • Wave 5 before the national election in September 2014 • Wave 6 right after the national election in 2014 • Wave 7 .... probably in late November 2014 • (and all these people can be linked to the VAA user data)

  9. The swedish panel data example • New respondents recruited in the two elections in 2014 • In total approximately 30,000

  10. Response rates in different panel waves

  11. Response rates in a standard panel data project • An election panel started two years before the election (2012) • Total of five waves • Half probability based recruitment to the Citizen Panel at UofG • Half opt-recruits (partly also from VAAs in 2010, but not only) • Total approximately 5-6000 respondents

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