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Transcription of DNA

Transcription of DNA . By changting. RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase  ( RNAP  or  RNApol ) is an  enzyme  that produces  RNA . In  cells , RNAP is needed for constructing RNA chains from DNA  genes  as templates, a process called  transcription. Transcription .

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Transcription of DNA

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  1. Transcription of DNA By changting

  2. RNA polymerase • RNA polymerase (RNAP or RNApol) is an enzyme that produces RNA. In cells, RNAP is needed for constructing RNA chains from DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription.

  3. Transcription • DNA is split into two strands by RNA polymerase. One of these strands forms the template for transcription. The base sequence of the mRNA is complementary to it.

  4. Transcription The strand has the same base sequence as the mRNA (except for T instead of U) and is therefore called the sense strand. The strand that forms the template and is transcribed is called the antisense strand.

  5. Transcription Sense strand Antisense strand Free nucleoside triphosphates are used by RNA polymerase to extend the growing mRNA molecule.Two phosphates are removed as they are linked on, converting them into RNA nucleotides.

  6. Translating the genetic code • Messenger RNA carries the information needed for making polypeptides out from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell. The information is in a coded from, which is decoded during translation. The base sequence of mRNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.

  7. Translating the genetic code • Genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells.

  8. Translating the genetic code •The genetic code is a triplet code-three bases code for one amino acid. • A group of three bases is called a codon. A series of codons in part of amRNA molecule. Each codon consists of three nucleotides, usually representing a single amino acid.

  9. Translating the genetic code •The possible for two or more codons to code for the same amino acid is called degenerate. •The genetic code is universal. With just a few minor exceptions, living organisms use precisely the same code. Viruses also. There are three amino acids encoded by six different codons: serine, leucine, arginine. Only two amino acids are specified by a single codon; one of these is the amino-acid methionine, specified by the codon AUG, which also specifies the start of translation

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