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AP and AdvP

AP and AdvP. PRACTICE CLASS #4 (#5 2012-03-20/21. First, let’s really…. …finish off ADVs and As!. SYNTACTIC FUNCTION OF ADVERBS (pg. 99). ADVERBIAL: He speaks slowly. MODIFIER: extremely slow very slowly rather a mess straight through the wall over ten victims.

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AP and AdvP

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  1. AP and AdvP PRACTICE CLASS #4 (#5 2012-03-20/21

  2. First, let’s really…

  3. …finish off ADVs and As!

  4. SYNTACTIC FUNCTION OF ADVERBS (pg. 99) ADVERBIAL: He speaks slowly. MODIFIER: extremely slow very slowly rather a mess straight through the wall over ten victims COMPLEMENT OF PREPOSITION: over here till then from inside

  5. INDEPENDENT ADVERBS = ADVERBIALS ADVERBIALS INTEGRATED into the CLAUSE STRUCTURE PERIPHERAL in the CLAUSE STRUCTURE Primarily NON-LINKING: Provide speaker’s comment Primarily LINKING: connect sentences ADJUNCTS DISJUNCTS CONJUNCTS I sent Ross a personal invitation. He will therefore be there tomorrow. Ross is behavingnaturally. Naturally, Ross is behaving.

  6. PAGE 108 – exercise 13 (a-k) DISJUNCT Modifier of AdvP /ADJUNCT CONJUNCT Modifier of NP Modifier of PP Modifier of AP ADJUNCT ADJUNCT Modifier of AP Modifier of AP Modifier of NP

  7. PAGE 108 – exercise 13 (l-q) Modifier of PP DISJUNCT Modifier of AP Modifier of AP Modifier of NP (sich [lovely weather]) or Modifier of AP ([such lovely] weather) ADJUNCT / Modifier of NP Modifier of AP

  8. PP PRACTICE CLASS #4 2012-03-20/21

  9. Today …

  10. WE MEET PPs…

  11. PP=Project Plan

  12. PP = Parcel Post

  13. PP = Privacy Policy

  14. PP = Prepositional Phrase

  15. THE PP – its form The PP typically consists of a prepositional head followed by an NP as its complement: PP=P+NP e.g. [PPin[NPa village] ] • however, the complement of the preposition is not always an NP, the prepositional complements can also be a FINITE WH-CLAUSE, NON-FINITE -ING CLAUSE or an ADVERB: PP=P+Clause e.g. [PPfrom[Clausewhat you wrote] ] PP=P+Clause e.g. [PPat[Clausereading her novel] ] PP=P+Adv e.g. [PPfor[Advever] ]

  16. THE PP – its function

  17. THE PP – its function: independent ADJUNCT: He lives in a village. CONJUNCT: In a nutshell, she’s OK. DISJUNCT: To my surprise ,she’s OK. Cs (subject complement): The play is by Webster. The fence is of wood. Co (object complement): I consider them at great risk. SUBJECT: In loveis how I want to feel. In my house is where I want to be.

  18. THE PP – its function: dependent They can also be parts of AdvP: He drives faster [PP than John]. [ the girl with the funny red hat ] [ the man in the raincoat ] [ the book on the table ] [ grateful for your help] [ suitable for the job ] [ complex beyond our expectations]

  19. page 117 – exercise 1 (a-d) P + NP P + Cl (ing) P + NP P + NP P + NP P + Cl (wh)

  20. page 117 – exercise 1 (e-h) P + NP P + NP P + NP P + Cl (ing) P + NP

  21. page 117 – exercise 1 (i-l) P + Cl (ing) P + NP P + NP P + Cl (wh) P + NP P + NP

  22. page 117 – exercise 1 (m-p) P + Cl (ing) P + Cl (ing) P + NP P + Adv

  23. page 117 – exercise 2 (a-d) P + NP, postmodification in NP (NP=Det+N+PP) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, Co (object complement) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, disjunct

  24. page 117 – exercise 2 (e-h) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + Coordinated NP, adverbial, disjunct P + Adv, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, Cs (subject complement)

  25. page 117 – exercise 2 (i-l) P + NP, Cs (subject complement) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct OR postmodification in NP (NP=Det + N + PP) P + NP, Cs (subject complement)

  26. page 118 – exercise 2 (m-q) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct SAME AS: 1 H) P + NP, postmodification in AP (AP= A + PP) P + NP, postmodification in NP (NP= Det + N + PP) P + NP, Co (object complement)

  27. page 117 – exercise 1 (a-d) P + Cl (ing), adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + Cl (wh), adverbial, adjunct

  28. page 117 – exercise 1 (e-h) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, postmodification in NP (NP=Det + N + PP) P + Cl (ing), adverbial, adjunct P + NP, postmodification in AP (AP=Adv + A + PP)

  29. page 117 – exercise 1 (i-l) P + Cl (ing), adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct BUT within the subordinate clause “When you come out of the station” P + Cl (wh), postmodification in NP (NP=Det+N+PP) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, postmodification in NP (NP=Det+N+PP)

  30. page 117 – exercise 1 (m-p) P + Cl (ing), postmodification in AP (AP=A + PP) P + Cl (ing), postmodification in NP (NP=Det + N +PP) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + Adv, adverbial, adjunct

  31. page 119 – exercise 5 (a-e) IN IN AT ON OF OFF /ON AT AGAINST WITH

  32. page 119 – exercise 5 (f-i) IN IN TO BY

  33. page 119 – exercise 6 (a-d) PREP ADV PREP ADV PREP PREP PREP

  34. page 119 – exercise 6 (e-h) ADV ADV PREP ADV

  35. page 119 – exercise 6 (i-j) PREP ADV PREP CONJUNCTION

  36. BUT – parts of speech • BUT can be a CONJUNCTION: • It wasn’t the red skirt but the blue one. • By the end of the day we were tired but happy. • I am sorry but I can’t stay any longer. • I had no choice but to sign the contract. • BUT can be an ADVERB: • There were a lot of celebrities there: Tom Cruise and Angelina Jolie, to name but two. • BUT can be a NOUN: • With so many ifs and buts, it is better to wait. • BUT can be a PREPOSITON: • The problem was anything but easy. • Everyone was there but him. • I came last but one in the race. (next to last)

  37. BASIC PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS

  38. SPACE • Prepositions denoting spatial relations can be classified into several subgroups on the basis of two criteria: • TYPE OF REFERENCE POINT • STATIC OR DYNAMIC POSITION Type of reference point:

  39. TIME

  40. PROCESS

  41. CONTINGENCY

  42. OTHER MEANINGS

  43. page 118 – exercise 4 (a-e) TIME: location TIME: location SPACE: surface, direction SPACE: location, point SPACE: point, direction SPACE: point, direction (destination) SPACE: surface, location SPACE: surface, direction

  44. page 118 – exercise 4 (f-j) CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal SPACE: area, direction CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal SPACE: location, point TIME: metaphorical extension of the meaning of space

  45. page 118 – exercise 4 (k-o) SPACE: surface, passage SPACE: line, location, relative position SPACE: metaphorical extension of space PROCESS: instrument PROCESS: instrument

  46. page 119 – exercise 4 (p-t) CONTINGENCY: cause, reason PROCESS: agent TIME: location PROCESS: manner PROCESS: manner CONTINGENCY: condition OTHER: respect CONTINGENCY: concession

  47. Thank you for your time! THE END

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