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LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY. READINGS. Smith, Democracy , chs. 9-10 Modern Latin America , ch. 4 (Central America) CR #2: Smith, “The People’s Verdict” NB: Optional paper due May 25. OUTLINE. Social Equity Workers Women Indigenous Peoples Illiberal Democracy Press Freedom

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LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

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  1. LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

  2. READINGS • Smith, Democracy, chs. 9-10 • Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America) • CR #2: Smith, “The People’s Verdict” • NB: Optional paper due May 25

  3. OUTLINE • Social Equity • Workers • Women • Indigenous Peoples • Illiberal Democracy • Press Freedom • Citizen Rights

  4. Table 9-1. Employment and Wages in Latin America, 1980-1999 1980199019951999 Unemployment (%) 6.7 8.0 7.2 8.8 Real Wages (1980=100) 100.0 86.6 92.4 102.9 Real Minimum Wage (1980 = 100) 100.0 68.4 70.8 73.8

  5. Table 9-2. Women in Latin American Legislatures, 1990 and 2000 ______Women (as % total)*_____ Country_______ ___1990___ ___2000___ Argentina 5 27 Bolivia 9 12 Brazil 5 6 Chile 6 11 Colombia 9 12 Costa Rica 12 19 Dominican Republic 12 16 Ecuador 7 15 El Salvador -- 10 Guatemala 7 9 Honduras -- 9 Mexico 12 16 Nicaragua 19 10 Panama 8 10 Paraguay 4 3 Peru 6 20 Uruguay 6 12 Venezuela 10 10

  6. Women Presidents • Generation I: Widows • Isabel Martínez de Perón (Argentina) • Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (Nicaragua) • Mireya Moscoso (Panama) • Generation II: Self-Made Politicians • Michelle Bachelet (Chile) • Laura Chinchilla (Costa Rica) • Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Argentina) • Dilma Rousseff (Brazil)

  7. Indigenous Peoples • Bolivia: Party Politics (and Evo Morales!) • Ecuador: Social Movements • Guatemala: Political Redemption? • Peru: Silence and Sendero Luminoso • Mexico: Zapatista Uprising

  8. DETECTING ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

  9. The Rise of Electoral Democracy, 1972-2004

  10. Journalists Killed in Latin America, 1990-1999 Country___ __ N Killings__ Colombia 36 Peru 12 Mexico 10 Brazil 8 Haiti 4 Argentina 3 Guatemala 3 Venezuela 2 Chile 1 Dominican Republic 1 Honduras 1 Paraguay 1 Total 82 Source: Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 (New York: CPJ, 2000), 23.

  11. Table 10-2. Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the Press, 1990s _________________Regime____________________ Press____ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Not Free 1 5 2 Partly Free 1 26 51 Free 0 0 47 Totals 2 31 100

  12. THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY • Distinct Dimensions of Democracy: • Free and Fair Elections • Citizen Rights • Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights • Connection to “Delegative Democracy” (see p. 13)

  13. CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom House scales for “Civil Liberties”) • FH scores of 1-2 = Extensive • FH scores of 3-4 = Partial • FH scores of 5-7 = Minimal

  14. Table 1. Democracy, Elections, and Citizen Rights: A Typology

  15. Elections, Rights, and Political Regimes

  16. Liberal and Illiberal Democracy, 1978-2004

  17. 1980-1989 ________________Regime___________________ Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Minimal 15 1 0 Partial 59 30 41 Extensive 1 4 39 Totals 75 35 80

  18. 1990-2000 _________________Regime_________________ Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Minimal 3 0 0 Partial 4 53 109 Extensive 0 2 38 Totals 7 55 147

  19. Political Regimes in 1999: Countries and Population N % Regime Type___ __Countries__ __Population__ Liberal Democracy 3 <5 Illiberal Democracy 11 60 Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5 33 Autocracy 1 2

  20. Why Illiberal Democracy? • Protection of elite interests • Control of popular masses • Under rubric of free and fair elections

  21. SO WHAT?CYCLES OF MASS POLITICS • Unfettered and “dangerous” democracy (e.g., reformists + Allende) [1950s-] • Military coups and authoritarian regimes [1960s-] • Democracy contained [1980s-]: • Neoliberal economics, Washington consensus • Institutional constraints (e.g. MRO) • Illiberal democracy • Rise of the “new Left” [1990s-]

  22. The End

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