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LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY. READINGS. Smith, Democracy , chs. 9-10 Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America) CR #2: Peeler, “Social Justice and the New Indigenous Politics” . OUTLINE. Social Equity Workers Women Indigenous Peoples Illiberal Democracy Press Freedom
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READINGS • Smith, Democracy, chs. 9-10 • Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America) • CR #2: Peeler, “Social Justice and the New Indigenous Politics”
OUTLINE • Social Equity • Workers • Women • Indigenous Peoples • Illiberal Democracy • Press Freedom • Citizen Rights
Table 9-1. Employment and Wages in Latin America, 1980-1999 1980199019951999 Unemployment (%) 6.7 8.0 7.2 8.8 Real Wages (1980=100) 100.0 86.6 92.4 102.9 Real Minimum Wage (1980 = 100) 100.0 68.4 70.8 73.8
Table 9-2. Women in Latin American Legislatures, 1990 and 2000 ______Women (as % total)*_____ Country_______ ___1990___ ___2000___ Argentina 5 27 Bolivia 9 12 Brazil 5 6 Chile 6 11 Colombia 9 12 Costa Rica 12 19 Dominican Republic 12 16 Ecuador 7 15 El Salvador -- 10 Guatemala 7 9 Honduras -- 9 Mexico 12 16 Nicaragua 19 10 Panama 8 10 Paraguay 4 3 Peru 6 20 Uruguay 6 12 Venezuela 10 10
Indigenous Peoples • Bolivia: Party Politics • Ecuador: Social Movements • Guatemala: Political Redemption? • Peru: Silence and Sendero Luminoso • Mexico: Zapatista Uprising
Journalists Killed in Latin America, 1990-1999 Country___ __ N Killings__ Colombia 36 Peru 12 Mexico 10 Brazil 8 Haiti 4 Argentina 3 Guatemala 3 Venezuela 2 Chile 1 Dominican Republic 1 Honduras 1 Paraguay 1 Total 82 Source: Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 (New York: CPJ, 2000), 23.
Table 10-2. Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the Press, 1990s _________________Regime____________________ Press____ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Not Free 1 5 2 Partly Free 1 26 51 Free 0 0 47 Totals 2 31 100
THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY • Distinct Dimensions of Democracy: • Free and Fair Elections • Citizen Rights • Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights • Connection to “Delegative Democracy” (see p. 13)
CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom House scales for “Civil Liberties”) • FH scores of 1-2 = Extensive • FH scores of 3-4 = Partial • FH scores of 5-7 = Minimal
Table 1. Democracy, Elections, and Citizen Rights: A Typology
1980-1989 ________________Regime___________________ Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Minimal 15 1 0 Partial 59 30 41 Extensive 1 4 39 Totals 75 35 80
1990-2000 _________________Regime_________________ Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Minimal 3 0 0 Partial 4 53 109 Extensive 0 2 38 Totals 7 55 147
Political Regimes in 1999: Countries and Population N % Regime Type___ __Countries__ __Population__ Liberal Democracy 3 <5 Illiberal Democracy 11 60 Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5 33 Autocracy 1 2