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Chapter 02 (Part I)

Chapter 02 (Part I). Introduction to C++ Programming. Goal. Introduction C++ Development Environment First Program in C++: Printing a line of text. What Is a Computer?. Computer Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions Computer programs

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Chapter 02 (Part I)

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  1. Chapter 02 (Part I) Introduction to C++ Programming

  2. Goal • Introduction • C++ Development Environment • First Program in C++: • Printing a line of text

  3. What Is a Computer? • Computer • Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions • Computer programs • Sets of instructions that control computer’s processing of data • Written by people called computer programmers • Hardware • Various devices comprising computer • Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD-ROM, processing units, etc.

  4. Computer Organization • Six logical units of computer • Input unit • “Receiving” section • Obtains information from input devices • Keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, networks, etc. • Output unit • “Shipping” section • Places information processed by computer on output devices • Screen, printer, networks, etc.

  5. Computer Organization • Six logical units of computer (Cont.) • Memory unit • Rapid access, relatively low capacity. • Retains information from input unit. • Immediately available for processing • Retains processed information. • Until placed on output devices • Often called memory or primary memory. • Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) • Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions

  6. Computer Organization • Six logical units of computer (Cont.) • Central processing unit (CPU) • “Administrative” section • Coordinates and supervises other sections of computer • Secondary storage unit • Long-term, high-capacity “warehouse” section • Stores inactive programs or data • Secondary storage devices • Hard drives, CDs, DVDs • Slower to access than primary memory • Less expensive per unit than primary memory

  7. Computer Languages • Three types of computer languages • Machine language • Only language computer directly understands • Generally consist of strings of numbers • Ultimately 0s and 1s • Instruct computers to perform elementary operations • Cumbersome for humans • Example • +1300042774+1400593419+1200274027

  8. Computer Languages • Assembly language • English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer operations • Clearer to humans • Incomprehensible to computers • Convert to machine language by translator programs (assemblers) • Example load basepayadd overpaystore grosspay

  9. Computer Languages • High-level languages • Similar to everyday English • Uses common mathematical notations • Single statements accomplish substantial tasks • Compilers • Converted to machine language by translator programs • Example • grossPay = basePay + overTimePay

  10. History of C • History of C • Evolved from BCPL and B • Developed by Dennis Ritchie (Bell Laboratories) • Development language of UNIX • Hardware independent • Can write portable programs • ANSI and ISO standard for C published in 1990 • ANSI/ISO 9899: 1990

  11. History of C++ • History of C++ • Extension of C • Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup (Bell Laboratories) in early 1980s • Provides new features to “spruce up” C • Provides capabilities for object-oriented programming • Objects: reusable software components • Model items in the real world • Object-oriented programs • Easier to understand, correct and modify

  12. C++ Development Environment • Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 (VS 2005) • 開始→程式集→Microsoft Visual Studio 2005

  13. Step 1 • 檔案→新增→專案… (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

  14. Step 2 • 請尋找「方案總管」(檢視→方案總管) • 在原始程式檔上右按滑鼠，選擇「加入→ 新增項目」

  15. Step 3 • 選擇(1) 程式碼，(2) C++檔，並(3) 輸入檔名 (main.cpp) (2) (1) (3)

  16. Step 4 • 在中央的編輯區中（上方會顯示你正編輯的檔名）輸入程式：

  17. Step 5 • 在編輯過程中，不要忘記存檔的動作（把存檔當習慣） • 編譯並執行程式 • Ctrl+F5（非偵錯模式） • 偵錯模式（可以追蹤出錯的程式碼） • 編譯（compile）：把程式語言「翻譯」成機器指令碼。 • 執行（execute）：將機器指令碼載入記憶體，CPU開始逐行執行指令。

  18. 按「否」，以修正錯誤 在錯誤上方點兩下，會顯示出錯誤發生「大約」的位置。 Note • 如果在編譯的過程中，有出現錯誤，編譯器會指出錯誤的位置；請仔細檢查拼字錯誤。

  19. 2.2 First Program in C++

  20. Ctrl+F5 Printing a Line of Text

  21. Lines beginning with “//” are comments. Good Programming Practice • Every program should begin with a comment that describes the purpose of the program. • Use blank lines and space characters to enhance program readability.

  22. The main function is where a C++ program start to execute. The Basic Framework of a Program

  23. Statements • Instruct the program to perform an action • All statements end with a semicolon (;) • Note: • Missing the semicolon at the end of a C++ statement is a syntax error.

  24. Statements • Instruct the program to perform an action. • All statements end with a semicolon (;) • std::cout • Specifying cout is belongs to “namespace” std. • std::cout • Standard output stream object. • “Connected” to screen. • Stream insertion operator “<<“ • Inserting right operand into left operand.

  25. w e l c o m e t o c + + ! \n String Constant • String is composed of characters. • A string constant is enclosed by double quotation marks ("). • Escape characters • A character preceded by "\" • Indicates “special” character output • Example • "\n"

  26. Escape sequences.

  27. More Examples of String Constants • “Hello,\nWorld!” Hello, World! • “Hello, World!\n” Hello, World! • “My name is\nJoe.” My name is Joe.

  28. Exercise

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