Viruses Review

1. Viruses Review Viral Structures Animal Viruses Phages Everything! $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500

2. Viral Structures: $100 Question • Which of these structures is found in all viruses? • a. DNA • b. RNA • c. A Capsid • d. Spikes ANSWER BACK TO GAME

3. Viral Structures: $100 Answer Which of these structures is found in all viruses? a. DNA b. RNA c. A Capsid d. Spikes BACK TO GAME

4. Viral Structures: $200 Question • Most phages have this shape: • a. Icosahedral • b. Complex • c. Helical • d. Cylindrical ANSWER BACK TO GAME

5. Viral Structures: $200 Answer Most phages have this shape: a. Icosahedral b. Complex c. Helical d. Cylindrical BACK TO GAME

6. Viral Structures: $300 Question • Which of these could be a correctly written scientific name for a virus? • Enteroviridae poliovirus • Enterovirus poliovirus • Enterovirus Poliovirus • Enteroviridae poliovirus ANSWER BACK TO GAME

7. Viral Structures : $300 Answer Which of these could be a correctly written scientific name for a virus? • Enteroviridae poliovirus • Enterovirus poliovirus • Enterovirus Poliovirus • Enteroviridae poliovirus BACK TO GAME

8. Viral Structures : $400 Question • What is the name for this structure (one single round protein subunit)? • a. Capsid • b. Spike • c. Matrix protein • d. Capsomere ANSWER BACK TO GAME

9. Viral Structures : $400 Answer What is the name for this structure (one single round protein subunit)? a. Capsid b. Spike c. Matrix protein d. Capsomere BACK TO GAME

10. Viral Structures : $500 Question • When phage DNA becomes part of a host chromosome, what is the phage DNA called? • a. prophage • b. lysogen • c. Homologous recombinant • d. Transducing particle ANSWER BACK TO GAME

11. Viral Structures : $500 Answer When phage DNA becomes part of a host chromosome, what is the phage DNA called? a. prophage b. lysogen c. Homologous recombinant d. Transducing particle BACK TO GAME

12. Phages: $100 Question • Which of these phage types does not kill its host cell? • a. Temperage • b. Lytic • c. Lysogenic • d. Filamentous ANSWER BACK TO GAME

13. Phages: $100 Answer Which of these phage types does not kill its host cell? a. Temperage b. Lytic c. Lysogenic d. Filamentous BACK TO GAME

14. Phages: $200 Question What is meant when we say something was a productive infection? a. The host cell was lysed b. New phages were made and assembled c. Phage DNA was incorporated into the host chromosome d. Bacterial DNA was put into some phage head proteins ANSWER BACK TO GAME

15. Phages: $200 Answer What is meant when we say something was a productive infection? a. The host cell was lysed b. New phages were made and assembled c. Phage DNA was incorporated into the host chromosome d. Bacterial DNA was put into some phage head proteins BACK TO GAME

16. Phages: $300 Question • In phages, what is the function of lysozyme? • a. Break down and recycle unneeded molecules • b. Degrade peptidoglycan in the host cell wall • c. Prevent the host from reproducing • d. Neutralize ROS and hydrogen peroxide ANSWER BACK TO GAME

17. Phages: $300 Answer In phages, what is the function of lysozyme? a. Break down and recycle unneeded molecules b. Degrade peptidoglycan in the host cell wall c. Prevent the host from reproducing d. Neutralize ROS and hydrogen peroxide BACK TO GAME

18. Phages: $400 Question • Which of these statements is FALSE? • a. In generalized transduction, a phage can insert any bacterial gene into a new host • b. In specialized transduction, both bacterial and phage DNA go into the new host • c. In generalized transduction, only phage DNA is inserted into the new host • d. Specialized transduction involves cutting out bacterial DNA and phage DNA from a lysogen’s chromosome ANSWER BACK TO GAME

19. Phages: $400 Answer Which of these statements is FALSE? a. In generalized transduction, a phage can insert any bacterial gene into a new host b. In specialized transduction, both bacterial and phage DNA go into the new host c. In generalized transduction, only phage DNA is inserted into the new host d. Specialized transduction involves cutting out bacterial DNA and phage DNA from a lysogen’s chromosome BACK TO GAME

20. Phages: $500 Question • Which of these bacteria would be protected from phage infection? • a. The bacterium has methylated its DNA and not the phage DNA • b. The bacterium contains modification enzymes but no restriction enzymes • c. The bacterium has methylated its own DNA and the phage DNA • d. The bacterium has methylated the phage DNA but not its own DNA ANSWER BACK TO GAME

21. Phages: $500 Answer Which of these bacteria would be protected from phage infection? a. The bacterium has methylated its DNA and not the phage DNA b. The bacterium contains modification enzymes but no restriction enzymes c. The bacterium has methylated its own DNA and the phage DNA d. The bacterium has methylated the phage DNA but not its own DNA BACK TO GAME

22. Animal Viruses: $100 Question • How do naked viruses get inside a host cell? • a. Membrane fusion • b. Endocytosis • c. Through protein channels • d. By lysing the cell ANSWER BACK TO GAME

23. Animal Viruses: $100 Answer How do naked viruses get inside a host cell? a. Membrane fusion b. Endocytosis c. Through protein channels d. By lysing the cell BACK TO GAME

24. Animal Viruses: $200 Question • Reverse transcribing viruses contain ___ which is then used as a template to make ____ • a. RNA, DNA • b. DNA, RNA • c. + DNA, - DNA • d. + RNA, - RNA ANSWER BACK TO GAME

25. Animal Viruses: $200 Answer Reverse transcribing viruses contain ___ which is then used as a template to make ____ a. RNA, DNA b. DNA, RNA c. + DNA, - DNA d. + RNA, - RNA BACK TO GAME

26. Animal Viruses : $300 Question • Which of these statements is FALSE about ssRNA viruses that have only a + strand? • a. Replicase makes a – strand in the host cell • b. The + strand is transcribed and translated • c. The – strand is replicated to form the genome for new viruses • d. The viral RNA is transcribed in the cytoplasm of the host cell ANSWER BACK TO GAME

27. Animal Viruses : $300 Answer Which of these statements is FALSE about ssRNA viruses that have only a + strand? a. Replicase makes a – strand in the host cell b. The + strand is transcribed and translated c. The – strand is replicated to form the genome for new viruses d. The viral RNA is transcribed in the cytoplasm of the host cell BACK TO GAME

28. Animal Viruses: $400 Question • How are naked viruses released from a host cell? • a. By budding • b. Exocytosis • c. By causing apoptosis in the host cell • d. By moving through transport proteins ANSWER BACK TO GAME

29. Animal Viruses: $400 Answer How are naked viruses released from a host cell? a. By budding b. Exocytosis c. By causing apoptosis in the host cell d. By moving through transport proteins BACK TO GAME

30. Animal Viruses: $500 Question • Which of these would most likely cause a cell to become cancerous? • a. Under expression of a proto-oncogene • b. Over expression of a tumor suppressor gene • c. Expression of a viral oncogene inside a host cell • d. Multiple silent mutations ANSWER BACK TO GAME

31. Animal Viruses: $500 Answer Which of these would most likely cause a cell to become cancerous? a. Under expression of a proto-oncogene b. Over expression of a tumor suppressor gene c. Expression of a viral oncogene inside a host cell d. Multiple silent mutations BACK TO GAME

32. Everything:$100 Question • What is a viral titer? • a. An enzyme that twists the DNA double helix following DNA replication • b. A way of expressing the concentration of viruses • c. An inhibitor that prevents viral attachment to receptors • d. A solution of viruses and host cells ANSWER BACK TO GAME

33. Everything : $100 Answer What is a viral titer? a. An enzyme that twists the DNA double helix following DNA replication b. A way of expressing the concentration of viruses c. An inhibitor that prevents viral attachment to receptors d. A solution of viruses and host cells BACK TO GAME

34. Everything : $200 Question • This is NOT a way bacteria defend themselves against phages: • a. Covering up receptors • b. Restriction enzymes • c. Digestion by lysosomes • d. Modification enzymes ANSWER BACK TO GAME

35. Everything :$200 Answer This is NOT a way bacteria defend themselves against phages: a. Covering up receptors b. Restriction enzymes c. Digestion by lysosomes d. Modification enzymes BACK TO GAME

36. Everything : $300 Question • Hemagluttination is: • a. clumping of white blood cells • b. clumping of red blood cells • c. thickening of the cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm • d. A severe allergic reaction • to gluten ANSWER BACK TO GAME

37. Everything :$300 Answer Hemagluttination is: a. clumping of white blood cells b. clumping of red blood cells c. thickening of the cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm d. A severe allergic reaction to gluten BACK TO GAME

38. Everything : $400 Question • An insertion sequence is: • a. a gene for transposase surrounded by repeating DNA • b. an operon surrounded by repeating DNA • c. an area of the chromosome where a plasmid was previously incorporated into the DNA • d. a gene containing a mutation that prevents the cell from making tryptophan ANSWER BACK TO GAME

39. Everything : $400 Answer An insertion sequence is: a. a gene for transposase surrounded by repeating DNA b. an operon surrounded by repeating DNA c. an area of the chromosome where a plasmid was previously incorporated into the DNA d. a gene containing a mutation that prevents the cell from making tryptophan BACK TO GAME

40. Everything : $500 Question • Which of these bacteria, if mixed together, would result in an F+ cell and an F- cell? • a. Hfr and F- • b. F+ and F- • c. F’ and F- • d. F+ and Hfr ANSWER BACK TO GAME

41. Everything : $500 Answer Which of these bacteria, if mixed together, would result in an F+ cell and an F- cell? a. Hfr and F- b. F+ and F- c. F’ and F- d. F+ and Hfr BACK TO GAME