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The Gospel of John. Evangelizing the Hellenistic Jews. Author and Setting. According to strong early tradition: Written by the Apostle John In or near Ephesus During the reign of emperor Domitian (81-96). Structure and Purpose.
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The Gospel of John Evangelizing the Hellenistic Jews
Author and Setting According to strong early tradition: • Written by the Apostle John • In or near Ephesus • During the reign of emperor Domitian (81-96)
Structure and Purpose Seven “signs” in chapters 1-11 lead to theme statement in 20:30-31 John 20:30-31Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book; 31 but these are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.
Seven “Signs” Create Faith • 2:1-11 – Water to Wine at a Wedding • 4:46-54 – Healing an Official’s Son • 5:1-7 – Healing of Lame Man at the pool • 6:1-14 – Feeding the 5,000 • 6:16-21 – Walking on the Water • 9:1-17 – Healing the man born blind • 11:14-44 – Raising of Lazarus
The Redemption Narrative Chapters 12-20: Preparations for death (12-17) Arrest, Trials, Crucifixion, and Resurrection (18-20) Resurrection appearances and miracles (21)
Uniqueness of John’s Gospel • Vocabulary and Style • Use of terms from Hellenistic philosophy • Chronology of three years (Passovers) • Extended Discourse • Written from perspective of eyewitness • Thematic arrangement – discourses are explanatory of signs and events
Themes in John • The logos (The Word) John 1:1-4 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with God. 3 All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. 4 In him was life, and the life was the light of men.
Themes in John • Light vs. Darkness John 3:19-21 And this is the judgment: the light has come into the world, and people loved the darkness rather than the light because their deeds were evil. 20 For everyone who does wicked things hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his deeds should be exposed. 21But whoever does what is true comes to the light, so that it may be clearly seen that his deeds have been carried out in God.
Themes in John • The World John 17:13-16 But now I am coming to you, and these things I speak in the world, that they may have my joy fulfilled in themselves. 14 I have given them your word, and the world has hated them because they are not of the world, just as I am not of the world. 15 I do not ask that you take them out of the world, but that you keep them from the evil one. 16 They are not of the world, just as I am not of the world.
Themes in John • Jesus’ Deity John 8:58-59 Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.” 59 So they picked up stones to throw at him, but Jesus hid himself and went out of the temple. John 20:28 Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!”
Themes in John • Themes in John John 13:34-35 A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another: just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another. 35 By this all people will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.”
Themes in John Other Themes: • Love vs. Judgment • Spirit vs. flesh • Truth vs. falsehood • “Glorify”