Case study

1. GCSE Revision Restless Earth (Paper One) AQA (A) Collision boundaries occur when two plates of similar densities move together (i.e. a continental plate and a continental plate). This causes the material between them to buckle and rise up, forming fold mountains. The Himalayas are an example of a chain of fold mountains. They have been formed by the African plate colliding into the Eurasian plate. Case study Kashmir, Pakistan, 2005 L.E.D.C. earthquake Click once What type of plate margin is Pakistan located upon?

2. GCSE Revision Restless Earth (Paper One) AQA (A) Case study Kashmir, Pakistan, 2005 L.E.D.C. earthquake Magnitude similar to 1906 San Francisco Emergency aid in place: Tents: 951,790 Blankets: 6,361,090 Rations: 256,376 tonnes Medicines 2053.76 tonnes Miscellaneous: 131,041.23 tonnes More than one YEAR later 35 000 were still living in 45 tented camps & facing a second winter of -15C. Up to 400 000 live in mountain villages without permanent shelter. http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/2/2005_Kashmir_earthquake.htm

3. GCSE Revision Restless Earth (Paper One) AQA (A) Kashmir, Pakistan, 2005 Case study L.E.D.C. earthquake Why were so many people killed? • Make notes about the impact of the Pakistan (2005) earthquake. • Briefly explain why people live in an high risk earthquake zone. • Explain why the medium and long term impacts were so bad (cover a RANGE of ideas - economic, political, physical, social) • As Saturday is a normal school day in the region, most students were at schools when the earthquake struck. Many were buried under collapsed school buildings. • Many people were also trapped in their homes and, because it was the month of Ramadan, most people were taking a nap after their pre-dawn meal and did not have time to escape during the earthquake. • Reports indicate that entire towns and villages were completely wiped out in Northern Pakistan with other surrounding areas also suffering severe damage. • "...a second, massive wave of death will happen if we do not step up our efforts now", Kofi Annan said on 20 October with reference to the thousand remote villages in which people are in need of medical attention, food, clean water and shelter and the 120,000 survivors that have not yet been reached." • According to Pakistan's Interior Minister Aftab Sherpao, Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz • "made the appeal to survivors" on 26 October to come down to valleys and cities for relief, because bad weather, mountainous terrain, landslides and blocked roads are making it difficult for relief workers to reach each house and the winter snows are imminent." • The assessment of buildings afterwards showed that 60% of the buildings were not reinforced concrete block and more than 60% of the buildings that had fallen were responsible for multiple deaths • The quake triggered landslides which wiped out several villages at a time

4. GCSE Revision Restless Earth (Paper One) AQA (A) Case study Kashmir, Pakistan, 2005 L.E.D.C. earthquake International response • Despite several wars and a army patrolled border – several border crossings were opened on the line of control between Indian & Pakistani Kashmir. • The UN made an appeal to raise US$272 million to help victims. This was made more urgent by the approach of winter in this mountainous area where roads were poor or destroyed by landslides. • Military and civilian rescue teams were flown in to help local who were trying to rescue survivors with their bare hands. Wednesday, a Russian rescue team rescued a 5-year-old girl in Muzaffarabad who has been trapped for nearly 100 hours. • N.A.T.O. used rapid alert aircraft to ferry international aid supplies, provided engineering units to rebuild roads and helicopters to ferry supplies into the mountains. Some 1,000 engineers and supporting staff, as well as 200 medical personnel, worked in Pakistan. The mission for NATO officially came to an end on February 1st, 2006 • N.G.O.s and non-profits also worked in short andlong term - International Association of Lions Clubs (LCI) donated an about US$ 892,000 - for the reconstruction of 150 houses along with supporting infrastructure and a water supply system at Village Anwar Sharif, in Pakistani Kashmir. Plus volunteer New York City paramedics travelled to the remote villages of Kashmir two weeks after the earthquake and treated over 200 patients a day in a two week relief effort. Pakistani troops unload food from a US army helicopter Unloading a NATO military C-130. Now the problems begin. http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/2/2005_Kashmir_earthquake.htm

5. GCSE Revision Restless Earth (Paper One) AQA (A) Pull apart the following questions. Make a list of key words you would use in each answer. GCSE case study questions Case study Kashmir, Pakistan, 2005 L.E.D.C. earthquake • Describe the immediate impact on the local population of an earthquake that you have studied. • Explain how the economy of poor country might be affected by a major earthquake, you must use examples from an event that you have studied. • Describe and compare the long term impacts of an earthquake in an L.E.D.C. • Describe governments may respond to a major earthquake disaster and explain why an L.E.D.C. may need international assistance.

6. GCSE Revision Restless Earth (Paper One) AQA (A) You will get sketch maps, data & graphs or photos to interpret in the tectonics section. GCSE skills questions Kashmir, Pakistan, 2005 Case study L.E.D.C. earthquake Click once One of the worst-hit areas was the town of Balakot - which was reduced to rubble by the earthquake. Compare the town before and after the earthquake If people choose to rebuild in fault zones they could be offered advice on better homes Describe how the new design may keep you alive. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/5392908.stm