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Battle of Gettysburg

Battle of Gettysburg. Lee realized that it was crucial to attack the North. July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG - in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania The two sides met on accident and

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Battle of Gettysburg

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  1. Battle of Gettysburg • Lee realized that it was crucial to attack the North. • July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG - in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania • The two sides met on accident and • On July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union mowed them down (= "Pickett’s Charge") • Lee was defeated and retreated to Virginia. • Over 100,000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South invaded the North.

  2. Gettysburg Address • “…that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” Abe Lincoln

  3. Vicksburg and more • July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - VICKSBURG • Won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the Union control of Mississippi River • Grant was then given control of all Union armies  began a "scorched earth" policy to defeat the South • What ships were used during Vicksburg? • What do you think a scorched earth policy is or would consist of?

  4. Sherman’s March to the Sea • General Sherman given task of taking Atlanta; his “Sherman’s March to the Sea" saw total destruction (total war) from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia

  5. Richmond Falls • Lee realizes the South can’t hold on for long and sends Jefferson Davis a letter to leave Richmond, Virginia. • Confederates burn the city of Richmond, Virginia and flee.

  6. Surrender at Appomattox • Lee sends General Grant a message that he wants to surrender. • On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox Court House in Virginia to arrange the surrender.

  7. Effects of the War • Creation of a single unified country • Abolition of slavery • Increased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of states rights • U.S. now an industrial nation • A stronger sense of nationalism • Western lands increasingly opened to settlement • South was economically and physically devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) was destined - but a deep hatred of the North remained...

  8. Economic Change • Income tax introduced • New national paper currency “Greenbacks” • Industry begins to replace farming as the basis of national economy • Slavery-based economy is destroyed

  9. Social Change • Slavery is abolished; millions free • African Americans serve in the military • Women become active in nursing • Conscription/The Draft is introduced

  10. Changes in Warfare • Modernized rifle and minie ball • Ironclads make wooden ships obsolete • New weaponry increases number of casualties on battlefield.

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