The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

1. Religion In..... The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man By: Karen Tong, Leana Laraque, Luke Hottinger, and Yosef Harari

2. Aim: How does religion play a role in shaping early 20th century Ireland in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man? Do Now: List a few differences between Catholicism and Protestantism.

3. Catholics vs. Protestants • The conflict between Catholics and Protestants didn't start out as a religious matter, but one of social class. The roots of the problem begin in the 1500's when English reformed their church. • The church of England became Anglican under Henry VIII, who wanted to annul his marriage. • In the 1600's England began to establish plantations in Ireland, and declared themselves the ruling class. • Hostility began to arise between the Catholics of Ireland and the Protestants of England. • Religion became the marking characteristic of each side of the conflict and thus became ingrained in their society. The animosity still exists to this day.

4. Catholics vs. Protestants "-Catholic indeed! repeated Dante ironically. The blackest protestant in the land would not speak the language I have heard this evening. Mr. Dedalus began to sway his head to and fro, crooning like a country singer. -I am no protestant, I tell you again, said Mr. Casey, flushing."

5. Charles Stewart Parnell • Led Irish Parliamentary Party --> leader of Irish nationalism, Fenian movement, obstructionism • Parnell was Katharine O'Shea's lover, who was separated but not divorced --> public scandal, divorced under the promise that she would marry Parnell • Irish National League passed a resolution upholding his leadership, but most of Parnell's supporters were Catholic • Warning: retain leadership, lose the next election, end of Home Rule movement and end alliance with PM of Parliament • Parnellites vs. anti-parnellites (4 of Parnell's associates left and joined anti-Parnellites • Irish National Federation split from Irish National League and was supported by the Catholic Church

6. Charles Stewart Parnell Dante: "Am I to sit here and listen to the pastors of my church being flouted? The bishops and priests of Ireland have spoken... and they must be obeyed... he was no longer worthy to lead. He was a public sinner." vs. Mr. Dedalus: "We go to the house of God in all humility to pray to our maker... Let them leave politics alone... or the people may leave their church alone."

7. Virgin Mary • Virgin mary is the forgiving and pure saint that Stephen looks to when he worries about his soul since she looked down on those who visited prostitutes. • In contrast, however, he eventually imagines that the Virgin Mary will unite him with Emma in a marriage which shows that he also believes in the forgiving side of the Virgin Mary. • Eventually Stephen compares Emma to the Virgin Mary since he holds her on the same level of unattainable beauty and purity.

8. Virgin Mary "When the agony of shame had passed from him he tried to raise his soul from its abject powerlessness. God and the Blessed Virgin were too far from him: God was too great and stern and the Blessed Virgin too pure and holy. But he imagined that he stood near Emma in a wide land and, humbly and in tears, bent and kissed the elbow of her sleeve"

9. St. Thomas Aquinas • St.Thomas Aquinas was an Italian priest and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism. • St. Thomas is held in the Roman Catholic Church to be the model teacher for those studying for priesthood and the highest expression of both natural reason and speculative theology. • St. Thomas' aesthetic theory, called claritas, deeply influenced the literary modernist James Joyce.

10. St. Thomas Aquinas "For my purpose I can work on at present by the light of one or two ideas of Aristotle and Aquinas. I need them only for my own use and guidance until I have done something for myself by their light."

11. Discussion Question In what way does aesthetic theory relate to Christianity and hedonism?