A Portrait of the Artist as a young man

1. A Portrait of the Artist as a young man By James Joyce

2. Comparing and contrast the lives of James Joyce and Stephen Dedalus(how various events effected the story of both of their lives)By Diane mueller

3. Dublin 1910’s • Young Stephen’s family moved several times due to financial trouble, eventually residing in Dublin. • Stephen had a made a “skeleton map of the city in his mind” (Joyce 58). • Joyce was said to be familiar with the streets of the city and used it as a setting in many of his novels.

4. Poverty in Dublin 1910’s According to “The National Archives of Ireland - Poverty and Health Exhibition”: • Dublin had the worst housing conditions of any city in the United Kingdom. • The Tenements in Dublin were generally a filthy, overcrowded, disease-ridden place. • In 1911 nearly 26,000 families lived in inner-city tenements, and 20,000 of these families lived in just one room.

5. Dublin Stephen Dedalus James Joyce • Joyce was born in 1882 in a suburb of Dublin (Prescott 20). • Dublin figured predominately throughout many of Joyce’s writings. • In 1898, Joyce began his studies at the University College Dublin(Prescott 21). • Joyce began his entry into the artistic life as a writer in Dublin • Stephen’s move to Dublin: “the thought of the bare cheerless house in which they were now to live made his heart heavy. (Joyce 57). • Stephen’s new environment: “the docks…multitude of corks that lay bobbing on the surface of the water…crowds of quay porters…rumbling carts…ill dressed bearded policeman” (Joyce 58).

6. Work 1910’s

7. Employment in Dublin 1910’s According to “The National Archives of Ireland - Poverty and Health Exhibition”: • Most families in Dublin worked only were able to work intermittent in casual labor • Children were put to work selling on the streets to supplement the families’ income. • Women in the family often worked at home making items such as bags, hats, vests and dresses. Others women worked outside of the home in laundries. • Some were forced to turn to prostitution on the streets or in brothels • Women who could find no others means of earning income might turn to prostitution. • For those who could not find any work were admitted into workhouse.

8. Work Stephen Dedalus James Joyce • In 1887, his father became a tax collector (Williams). • By 1893, Joyce’s father had lost his positionand the family became destitute (Williams). • Joyce had planned on studying medicine and possible becoming a Doctor (Prescott 21). • Stephen worked as a messenger boy (Joyce 53). • Stephen imagined the life of a milkman would be pleasant enough (Joyce 55-56). • Stephen earned thirty and three pounds through exhibition and essay prizes which he gave to his mother to buy groceries (Joyce 84-85).

9. Vision 1910’s

10. Care of vision problems 1910’s • “At the turn of the twentieth century, any adult person in the U.S. could practice nonmedical optometry—the treatment of defective vision without the use of drugs or surgical interventions” (History). • “Early practitioners were, on average, poorly educated in the mathematics of optics or the physiology of the eye. Many learned the trade through practical apprenticeships in the shops of watchmakers or jewelers. Others were autodidacts, reading the few available books on optics or articles in magazines for opticians, and otherwise finding whatever opportunities they could to put theoretical optics into practice.” (History).

11. Vision Stephen Dedalus James Joyce • His vision began to bother him at age six (Springer). • His vision was so bad that at time he would write with a red crayon (Springer). • He saw eye specialist Dr. Louis Basch for his eye difficulties, eventually deciding to have surgery to try to correct his vision (Bowker 318-19). • “Stephen…opened a book quickly with one weak hand and bent down upon it his face close to the page” (Joyce 45). • “The doctor had told him not to read without glasses” (Joyce 45). • “… being as weak of sight as he was shy of mind, he drew less pleasure from the reflection of the glowing sensible world … (Joyce 146).

12. Religion and the catholic church 1910’s

13. Power of the catholic church 1910’s According to a “Multitext Project in Irish History” by Myrtle Hill: • The church was held in high regard by the community. • Religious life in towns was centered on the chapel. • The clergy were held in high regard by the people and through their position could influence the younger generation. • The church influence in politics would ebbed and flowed • “The Church’s influence on political life would continue even after the political, episcopal, and popular condemnation of Parnell when the scandal of his relationship with Mrs Katharine O’Shea became a public issue” (Hill).

14. Religion Stephen Dedalus James Joyce • At age six he began his studies at ClongowesWood College , a Catholic school run by the Jesuits (Prescott 20). • As a young boy he desired to be a Priest (Prescott 21). • “Despite his mother’s attempts to get him to return to Catholic Church, Joyce remained unmoved even after her death” (James). • Stephen also attended Clongowes Wood College (Joyce 13). • “I said that I had lost the faith, Stephen answered” (Joyce 215). • Stephen’s mother prays “that I may learn in my own life and away from home and friends what the heart is and what it feels (Joyce 224).

15. Work Cited • Bowker, Gordon. James Joyce: A New Biography. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. Print. • Hill, Myrtle. "Movements for Political & Social Reform, 1870–1914." Multitext Project in Irish History. United College Cork, Ireland. 19 June 2013 <http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Ireland_religion__culture_1870-1914>. • "History of Berkeley Optometry Part 1." Berkeley Optometry. 2012. University of California. Web. 21 June 2013 <http://optometry.berkeley.edu/general/history-part-1-summary>. • "James Joyce, With His Eyesight Failing, Draws a Sketch of Leopold Bloom (1926)." Open Culture. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. 21 June 2013 <http://www.openculture.com/2013/02/james_joyces_drawing_of_leopold_bloom_the_story_behind_the_sketch.html>. • Joyce, James. “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.” New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007. Print. • "Poverty and Health." Exhibition - The National Archives of Ireland, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. <http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/exhibition/dublin/poverty_health.html>. • Prescott, Tara, James Joyce, and Albert Wachtel. "A Portrait Of The Artist As James Joyce: Biography." Critical Insights: A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man (2011): 20- 27. Literary Reference Center. Web. 21 June 2013. • Springer, Mike. "James Joyce, With His Eyesight Failing, Draws a Sketch of Leopold Bloom (1926)." Books, Literature. 5 Feb. 2013. Open Culture. 21 June 2013 <http://www.openculture.com/2013/02/james_joyces_drawing_of_leopold_bloom_the_story_behind_the_sketch.html>. • Williams, E. "James Joyce - Biography." The European Graduate School. Web.21 June 2013 <http://www.egs.edu/library/james- joyce/biography/>.