“Believe in yourself, or no one else will”

1. “Believe in yourself, or no one else will”

2. The Enlightenment and Revolution 1550-1789 Chapter 6

3. The Scientific Revolution 6.1 Pg. 189

4. Medieval View • Most thought earth was center of universe • Geocentric Theory • Religion taught God put earth in center

5. New Way of Thinking • Challenged the ideas of ancient thinkers & Church • Scientific Revolution • New way of thinking about the natural world • Discovered lands previously unknown to Europe • Printing press helped challenge ideas • Helped fuel scientific research • Better instruments and geographic measurements

6. Heliocentric Theory • Copernicus • Studied planetary movements for over 25 years • Decided sun was at center of universe • Feared scholars & clergy • Scientists continue with Copernicus theory • Galileo Galilei • Build telescope in 1609 • Noticed Sun had dark spots • Moon was not smooth

7. Conflict with Church • Galileo’s findings scared the church • Went against church teachings • Church warned to not defend ideas • Galileo publishes a book • Church summons him to Rome • Threat to torture reads confession • Lived under house arrest • Church finally admits he was right in 1992

8. Scientific Method • Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas • Frances Bacon • Rene Descartes • ‘I think therefore I am”

9. Newton • Theories of motion • Force that ruled motion of planets applied to other matter • Gravity

10. Revolution spreads • Instruments • Microscope • Mercury barometer • Thermometer • Medicine • Dissection of corpses • Smallpox vaccine • Chemistry • thought things were made up of much smaller particles

11. Homework • Poster • Full size paper • Fully colored • New idea/technology in 6.1

12. “Easy is the path to wisdom for those not blinded by ego”

13. The Enlightenment in Europe 6.2 Pg. 195

14. Government • Hobbes • Convinced all humans were naturally selfish & wicked • People had to hand over to strong ruler • Called this social contract • Locke • Believed people could learn from experience and improve themselves • Natural ability to govern own affairs - self-government • 3 natural rights • Life, Liberty and property

15. 5 Philosophes • Reason - find truth through logical thinking • Nature - What is natural is good & reasonable • Happiness - urge people to seek well-being on earth • Progress - Society and humankind can improve • Liberty - In the bill of rights

16. Writers • Voltaire • Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief & speech • “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it” • Montesquieu • proposed separation of powers so no one person could control the government • Rousseau • Believed civilization corrupted peoples natural goodness

17. Women • Many philosophes challenged government, society, education • kept women at their social status • Mary Wollstonecraft • Said women need an education • Women spread enlightenment through social gatherings & salons

18. Legacy • Belief in progress • growth of scientific knowledge • Secular Outlook • Non-religious outlook • People question the church • Importance of the Individual • People look to themselves for guidance • Use reason to judge what was right or wrong

19. Homework • 6.1 & 6.2 Vocab • REMEMBER!!! • Staple! • Label • Your name

20. The Enlightenment Spreads 6.3 Pg. 202

21. The Enlightenment Spreads • Diderot’s Encyclopedia • Created a large set of books where scholars contributed articles • Enlightenment angers French & Catholic Church • Said it undermined royal authority, encouraged revolt • Fostered “Moral corruption, irreligion & unbelief

22. Neoclassical Style Emerges • 1600’s - early 1700’s Baroque - grand, ornate design • Late 1700’s - Neoclassical • Music • New style of music • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart • Beethoven

23. Enlightenment & Monarchy • Fredrick the Great • Granted religious freedoms, reduced censorship, improved education • Never tried to change the existing social order • Called himself “First servant of the state” • Joseph II • Ruled Austria 1780-1790 • supported freedom of worship • Abolished serfdom

24. Enlightenment Cont. • Catherine the Great • Ruled Russia from 1762-1796 • Formed a commission to review Russia’s laws • Religious toleration • Did little to help peasants after 1773 • Expanded Russian territory • Black Sea • Parts of Poland