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Computer Science 401 Technology and Criminal Justice March 22/24, 2011

Computer Science 401 Technology and Criminal Justice March 22/24, 2011. Division of Governmental Studies and Services Michael J. Gaffney, J.D., Acting Director. Division of Governmental Studies and Services. Applied Social Science Research Consulting and Technical Assistance Training

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Computer Science 401 Technology and Criminal Justice March 22/24, 2011

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  1. Computer Science 401Technology and Criminal JusticeMarch 22/24, 2011 Division of Governmental Studies and Services Michael J. Gaffney, J.D., Acting Director

  2. Division of Governmental Studies and Services • Applied Social Science Research • Consulting and Technical Assistance • Training • Four Primary Areas of Focus: • Public Safety • Washington State Institute for Criminal Justice • Good Governance • Digital Initiatives • Sustainability and Stewardship • Natural Resources Leadership Academy DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  3. Mike Gaffney • 15 years w/unit • JD and “ABD” • Extensive LE Training and Research • WSU “Cybercrime and Digital Forensics” • Emergency Management interests DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  4. Question Are you: • A Criminal Justice Major • A Criminal Justice Minor • A Political Science Major • Current or Former Law Enforcement DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  5. Technology Applications in Criminal Justice • Crime Identification & Detection • Crime Reporting & Notification • Crime Response & Investigation • Criminal Prosecution & Defense • Criminal Justice Reporting & Accountability DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  6. Crime Identification & Detection • Traffic • “Photo-red” Cameras • License plate scanners • Surveillance Cameras • Gunshot Locators • GPS Tracking • Aircraft and Satellites • “Wire” taps • Web Volume Tracking • National Security Monitoring DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  7. Question Which of the following limits surveillance? • Declaration of Independence • First Amendment to the Constitution • Fourth Amendment to the Constitution • Seventh Amendment to the Constitution DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  8. Crime Notification & Reporting • Whistles • Call Boxes • Radio • Alarms • (E-)911 • Reverse 911 • On-Line Reporting • Social Media DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  9. Crime Response & Investigation • CAD • In-car Computers • Wireless Connectivity • Finger Prints • Voice Analysis • Wire Taps • Surveillance • DNA DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  10. Investigation, Continued • Amber Alerts • AFIS • CODIS • HITS • LInX • CopLink DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  11. Prosecution/Defense • Forensics (the CSI factor) • DNA • Audio/Visual Recordings DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  12. Reporting, Planning & Accountability • UCRs • NIBRS • GIS (Crime Mapping) • Crime Analysis • Performance Metrics (ComSTAT) DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  13. Question How likely do you think it is that technology will be misused within the Criminal Justice System? • Not Likely at All • Somewhat Unlikely • Somewhat Likely • Very Likely DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  14. Criminal Law • “Crime” can be defined as a violation of a societal standard of conduct which is injurious to the public welfare. • “Criminal Law” is that body of legal standards (Common Law, constitutional, statutory, case) which govern the investigation, prosecution, and punishment of criminal acts. DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  15. The US System of Criminal Law • Favors protection of the innocent • Prefers Due Process • Balances Power of Government • Based on English Common Law • Shares founding philosophies DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  16. Limitations on Technology • Bill of Rights • Fourteenth Amendment • Statutory Standards • Case Law • States may vary DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  17. Question In which Amendment is the protection against involuntary self-incrimination found? • First • Fourth • Fifth • Tenth • Fourteenth DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  18. Fourth Amendment Protections • “Unreasonable search and seizure” • Basically, must have a warrant • Limited exceptions • Open Fields and Plain View • Exigent Circumstances • National Security • Consent • Exclusionary Rule applies DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  19. Technology & Plain View • Airplanes & Satellites • Infrared Spectroscopy • “Shared” Conversations • GPS Locators • RFID Tags • Cameras DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  20. Ethics and Technology • Intersection of Law, Justice and Philosophy with scientific advances • Requires reassessment of (Old) existing rules • Not uniformly applied (Yet) DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  21. Question Do you think advances in technology are adequately covered by the existing rules on searches and evidence? • Yes • No DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  22. Conclusion • Opportunities abound in this arena • Critical thinking about impacts is necessary • Legal standards are still developing • Growth area for the technologically trained who are so inclined • Questions? DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

  23. Contact Information Mike Gaffney 911@wsu.edu Division of Governmental Studies and Services Washington State University PO Box 644870 Pullman, WA 99164-4870 509 335-3329 DGSS - Gaffney - 2011

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