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Explore reactions of 24, 25, 26Mg with neutrons pre-2010, focusing on 25Mg sample challenges, experimental data analysis, and resonance shape evaluation. Discover motivations, literature references, and the importance of Mg stable isotopes.
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Session 3: Measurements (long) before 2010 Results on 24,25,26Mg(n,) with C6D6 Cristian Massimi and others Collaboration annual meeting 2010, Sevilla - Spain, 15-17 December 2010
Outline • Introduction and Motivation • Experiment • Data analysis • Resonance shape analysis 24,26Mg • Problem with 25Mg sample • Results and Conclusions
Introduction The s-process and Mg stable isotopes • 22Ne(,n)25Mg is the main neutron source in massive stars (M > 10 – 12Msun) • 22Ne(,n)25Mg is an important neutron source in AGB stars, 1.2Msun < M < 3Msun Other important reactions:22Ne(,g)26Mg, 25Mg(n,g)26Mg, 26Al (n,p)26Mg
Motivations The s-process and Mg stable isotopes • (24),25,26Mg are the most important neutron poisons due to neutron capture on Mg stable isotopes in competition with neutron capture on 56Fe that is the basic s-process seed for the production of heavy isotopes. • Several attempts to determine therate for the reaction 22Ne(,n)25Mg either through direct 22Ne(,n)25Mg measurement or indirectly, via 26Mg(,n)25Mg or charged particle transfer reactions. In both cases the cross-section is very small in the energy range of interest. • The main uncertainty of the reaction rate comes from the poorly known property of the states in 26Mg. Information can come from neutron measurements (knowledge of J for the 26Mg states).
Motivations Mg data in literature • Charged particle reaction • Denhard et al., Phys. Rev. 160, 964 (1967) • Hardy et al., Academic • Photo-neutron (g,n) • Baglan et al. Phys. Rev. C 3, 672 (1971) • Same experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 319 (1970) • Neutron induced reactions A) Transmission • Singh et al. Phys. Rev. C 10 2150 (1976) • Newson, Block et al., Ann. Phys.8, 211 (1959) B) Capture • Macklin et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 37, 166 (1965) • Bergquist et al., Phys Rev. 158, 1049 () • Block et al., RPI technical report • Nystrom et al., Phys. Scr. 4, 95 (1971) • Activation (thermal) • Walkiewicz and Ranan Phys. Rev. C 45, 4 (1992) • Activation (MACS) • Mohr et. al., Phys. Rev. C 58, 2 (1998) Transmission + Capture: Weigmann, Macklin and Harvey, Phys. Rev. C 14, 4 (1976) + Koehler, Phys. Rev. C 66, 055805 (2002) ORELA
Motivations Mg data in literature • Nutron induced reactions The available experimental data for 24,25,26Mg are essentially based on a time-of-flight measurement performed at ORELA: • very high-resolution transmission measurement (200-m flight path, metallic natMg sample, plastic scintillator) • high-resolution capture measurement (40-m flight path, 97.9% 25Mg enriched sample, fluorocarbon scintillators) Capture data on 24,26Mg from ORELA are missing
Motivations Mg data evaluation • Evaluation does not consider: • - the photoneutron cross-section measurement 26Mg(,n)25Mg by Berman et al.(PRL 1969), J • - a recent work by P. E. Koehler (PRC, 2002) R-matrix analysis of existing measurements • Existing evaluations are based on JENDL3.3 (by T. Asami) • JENDL 4 (2010) isnot updated • Resonance parameters in resolve resonance region are taken from BNL (Mughabghab) and negative resonances were added to reproduce the measured thermal cross-section
Motivations New measurement at n_TOF Improve existing data: • Detector with very low neutron sensitivity; • Enriched samples isotopic (n,g) data; Resonance Shape Analysis (simultaneous: Capture data from n_TOF + Transmission data from ORELA); Determination of the Maxwellian-averaged capture cross-section.
Experiment Mg samples 2.2-cm in diameter. Oxide sample sealed in an aluminum canning. Al canning is 0.35 g (1.127E-03 at/b). First TOF measurement on an enriched 26Mg sample
Experiment Mg samples 2.2-cm in diameter. Oxide sample sealed in an aluminum canning. Mg isotopes Gold Lead Carbon same diameter
Experiment n + 25Mg
Data analysis • Detector energy calibration: g-ray sources • Weighting Function (F. Gunsing) • Normalization: C6D6 and SiMon calibrated to 3% accuracy by saturating the 4.9-eV resonance in Gold with a 0.25-mm thick sample. • Time-energy calibration: • TOF = Tn - T0 • Where T0 = Tγ – L / C • L = 185.07 m, from resonances in Au • En = mc2 (1 – γ) • Where:
Resonance shape analysis Evaluation ≈ ORELA n + 26Mg Assumed reaction width ORELA n_TOF When data are not available, EVALUATION uses average reaction width Gg = 3 eV This resonance was doubtful, thought to belong to 24Mg.
Resonance shape analysis Evaluation ≈ ORELA n + 26Mg n_TOF n_TOF Huge discrepancy between Weigmann [TOF at ORELA] and Mohr [ACTIVATION]. “Resonance strength should be a factor 2.8 lower than the result from ORELA”.
26Mg MACS n + 26Mg MACS at 30 keV from present measurement: 0.106 ± 0.01 mb Preliminary calculations (A. Mengoni): Direct capture component to the MACS < 1 mb Negative resonance changed to reproduce the thermal neutron cross section New value for the Radius
Resonance shape analysis n + 24Mg Evaluation ≈ ORELA Assumed reaction width ORELA n_TOF Doubtful resonance at 68 keV, assigned to both 24Mg and 26Mg
Resonance shape analysis n + 24Mg Evaluation ≈ ORELA n_TOF ORELA
Resonance shape analysis n + 24Mg Evaluation ≈ ORELA n_TOF ORELA
24Mg MACS n + 24Mg MACS at 30 keV from present measurement: 4.16 ± 0.2 mb Preliminary calculations (A. Mengoni): Direct capture component to the MACS < 1 mb Negative resonance changed to reproduce the thermal neutron cross section New value for the Radius
Resonance shape analysis n + 25Mg Previous data ≈ ORELA
Resonance shape analysis n + 25Mg Evaluation ≈ ORELA n_TOF n_TOF
25Mg MACS n + 25Mg MACS at 30 keV from present measurement: 3.65 ± 0.2 mb Preliminary calculations (A. Mengoni): Direct capture component to the MACS < 1 mb Negative resonance changed to reproduce the thermal neutron cross section New value for the Radius
25Mg MACS n + 25Mg MACS at 30 keV from present measurement: 3.65 ± 0.2 mb … but it is wrong !
Problem with 25Mg n + 25Mg, the large s-wave resonance at 20 keV In capture, when Gn >> Gg the RSA is sensitive to ngGg
Problem with 25Mg n + 25Mg
Problem with 25Mg n + 25Mg
Problem with 25Mg n + 25Mg
25Mg MACS, n scaled n + 25Mg MACS’ at 30 keV from present measurement: 6.5 ± 0.4 mb Scale factor, from natMg sample: n’ = 0.56 n ! ! ! uncertainty on scaled areal density (very high): 10-15%
Results • Resonance parameters of the 24Mg(n,) and 26(?)Mg(n,) reaction cross-sections have been determined. • Sizable differences have been found respect to the existing evaluation, JENDL4 (2010). • Smaller differences respect to ORELA data. • Direct capture component is an important mechanism, upper limit: 1 mb to the MACS.
Conclusions • The present (n,) measurements improve the cross section data on 24,26(?)Mg isotopes. New value for the MACS are available. • From this analysis we find that the MACS of 25Mg isotope is lower than reported previously because of a problem with the sample. • The contribution of the direct capture mechanism should be investigated experimentally. • Is 26Mg sample thickness correct? • Is it worth to repeat the measurement on 25(,26)Mg?
Cristian Massimi Dipartimento di Fisica massimi@bo.infn.it www.unibo.it
Amplitude spectra Amplitude spectra
Without WF Without WF
With WF With WF
WF Weigthing Functions
Capture Area 24Mg n_TOF / ORELA Neutron energy (eV)
Capture Area 24Mg n_TOF / ORELA Neutron width (meV)
Motivations The reaction 22Ne(,n)25Mg Only natural-parity (0+, 1-, 2+) states in 26Mg can participate in the 22Ne(,n)25Mg reaction, so only a subset of 26Mg states in the relevant energy range observed via neutron reactions can contribute to the reaction rate