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The Crusades

The Crusades. Late Medieval Period. Background: Jerusalem is very important. Sacred to 3 religions Christians –site of Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection Jews – location of Solomon’s temple Muslims – Muhammad ascended to heaven from Jerusalem. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magen_David.

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades Late Medieval Period

  2. Background: Jerusalem is very important • Sacred to 3 religions • Christians –site of Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection • Jews – location of Solomon’s temple • Muslims – Muhammad ascended to heaven from Jerusalem. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magen_David

  3. How did the Crusades begin? • 11th century AD – Turks invade Jerusalem, attack Christians, close the city. • Threatens Byzantine Empire – emperor (Alexius I Comnenus) asks Pope for help in 1095 AD

  4. What else may have motivated the Pope? • Great Schism in 1054 – The Roman Catholic Church would like to regain some land and churches from the Byzantines. • After the Viking invasions of the 900s, a lot of trained soldiers are looking for a fight in Europe. http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH219.jpg

  5. Let the Crusades Begin! The First Crusade • Pope Urban II calls for battle to free the HOLY LAND • Men who went to battle wore cross on uniform – led to being called crusaders , if they returned they would wear a cross on their back. • They capture Jerusalem in 1099 • Slaughter most of Jerusalem’s Muslims and Jews

  6. Video Clip • Answer the following questions: • What did the pope offer to those who fought in the Crusades? • Whose son fought in the First Crusade? • Who ruled over the Crusader states? • What happened in 1144? • What two groups fought against each other in the Fourth Crusade? • Who finally conquered the Byzantine Empire? • How many people per year went to the Middle East during the Crusades? • What positive legacy did the Crusades leave?

  7. Route of the Crusaders http://myhome.sunyocc.edu/~gaddisc/HIS103/HuntCh9/map1stCrusade1096-98p354.jpg

  8. Time for Revenge! The Second Crusades • Muslims reorganize and retaliate • 2nd Crusade begins 1147 AD. • The Christians win and keep control of Jerusalem. http://www.humanities-interactive.org/medieval/chivalry/400/ex018_13a-400.jpg

  9. The Third Crusade • 1187 AD Muslims, led by Saladin, recapture Jerusalem • Leads to next Crusade • European Monarchs now want to help • 3rd Crusade becomes known as Crusade of Kings b/c the following help: • Holy Roman Emperor – Frederick Barbarossa • England’s Richard the Lionheart • France’s King Philip Augustus

  10. The Third Crusade“The Crusade of Bad Luck” • Barbarossa drowns on the way and his army goes home. • Philip gets scared and bails out. • Richard and army only ones that reach battle. • Couldn’t compete with Muslims, Richard settles for a truce in 1192 AD. • Opens Jerusalem back to Christians, but Muslims still control it.

  11. The 4th Crusade • Started by Pope Innocent III in 1202 • Crusaders get off track, end up attacking Zara for Venice • Pope is ticked, excommunicates entire army • Venetians and Crusaders go on to sack Constantinople and burn the city • Further splits E. Orthodox and Roman Catholics

  12. The Children’s Crusade (1212-1213) • Many preachers believe that only the innocent might save the Holy Land. • Sources say that thousands of innocent children died or were sold into slavery.

  13. Outcomes of the Crusades • Finally in 1291, the Muslims seized the last outpost of the Crusader states. • Muslims were as strong as ever and the Byzantine Empire was weaker than ever. http://www.ordotempli.org/william_of_claremeont_defending_acre_1291.jpg

  14. Effects of the Crusades • Power of Pope and nobles weakened, monarchs gained strength • People realized Church had tried to use them • Monarchs also took advantage of dead nobles by taking their land • Leads to breakdown of feudal system http://www.usask.ca/history/uploaded_images/Kingdom%20of%20heaven-765321.jpg

  15. Finally… • Crusades also stimulated trade in Mediterranean and opened up the West to new ideas. • However, all this left a BIG grudge among the Christians, Jews, and Muslims that still remains today.

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