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CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4. Whole Body Terms. Structural Organization. Cells Smallest, most numerous structural unit Tissues Groups of similar cells with specialized functions. Structural Organization. Organs Tissues arranged together to perform a particular function Body systems

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CHAPTER 4

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  1. CHAPTER 4 Whole Body Terms

  2. Structural Organization • Cells • Smallest, most numerous structural unit • Tissues • Groups of similar cells with specialized functions

  3. Structural Organization • Organs • Tissues arranged together to perform a particular function • Body systems • Organization of different organs to perform bodily functions

  4. Terms Relating to Cells • Anaplasia • Aplasia • Dysplasia • Hyperplasia • Hypoplasia • Neoplasia

  5. Types of Tissues • Connective • Epithelial • Muscle • Skeletal • Smooth or Visceral • Cardiac • Nervous

  6. Question The _______ are the smallest structural units, leading up to ______________, which perform important bodily functions. • tissues, organs • body systems, cells • cells, body systems • cells, organs

  7. Question Of the 4 types of tissue, how many do you think are involved in a body system such as the digestive system? • 4 • 3 • 2 • None

  8. Body Planes • Midsagittal • Divides body into equal right and left portions • Midline of the body • Medial • Lateral

  9. Body Planes

  10. Body Planes • Frontal or coronal • Divides body into front and back portions

  11. Body Planes

  12. Body Planes • Transverse • Cuts across body • Superior (cranial, cephalic) • Inferior (caudal)

  13. Body Planes

  14. Question True or False: A frontal view is when you divide the body into equal left and right portions.

  15. Question True or False: A radiologist dictates a craniocaudal view was performed. This means the film was shot from the top of the head downward toward the tail.

  16. Body Regions • Nine abdominal regions • Identified from left to right • Move from top to bottom • One row at a time

  17. Body Regions

  18. Abdominal Quadrants • Landmark = umbilicus (navel) • Quadrants • RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ • McBurney’s point • Munro’s point

  19. Abdominal Quadrants

  20. Question Looking at the diagram of the 9 body regions, what number would be the right lumbar region? • 3 • 6 • 8 • 7

  21. Question True or False: McBurney’s point is the landmark for the 4 abdominal quadrants.

  22. Body Cavities • Ventral cavity • Thoracic • Abdominal • Pelvic • Dorsal cavity • Cranial • Spinal

  23. Body Cavities

  24. Question True or False: Basically, anything in front of the spine is considered a ventral cavity.

  25. Question The ___________ cavity is separated by the diaphragm from the ___________ cavity. • pelvic, abdominal • abdominal, thoracic • thoracic, pelvic • thoracic, abdominopelvic

  26. Divisions of the Back • Cervical vertebrae (C1 – C7) • Thoracic vertebrae (T1 – T12) • Lumbar vertebrae (L1 – L5) • Sacrum • Coccyx

  27. Divisions of the Back

  28. Question When describing a vertebral body’s location, you will use the _________ letter of each division. • second • last • first • next to last

  29. Question True or False: As long as you know where the divisions are in the spine, you can count from either the top or the bottom to correctly identify each vertebra.

  30. Directional Terms • Superficial vs. Deep • Anterior vs. Posterior • Ventral vs. Dorsal • Superior vs. Inferior • Cranial vs. Caudal

  31. Directional Terms

  32. Directional Terms • Medial vs. Lateral • Distal vs. Proximal • Supine vs. Prone • Supination vs. Pronation • Plantar vs. Dorsal

  33. Directional Terms

  34. Question Common nouns can help in keeping directional terms straight. For instance, something in close proximity is __________ and something that is in the distance is __________. • medial, lateral • distal, proximal • superior, inferior • proximal, distal

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