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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Biohazardous Protocols. Classification and Management of Wounds. Wounds involve a compromise to the integumentary (skin) system. Classifications: Abrasions Avulsions Incisions Lacerations Punctures. Wounds. Abrasion. Outer layer of skin is damaged. Superficial wound.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Biohazardous Protocols

  2. Classification and Management of Wounds • Wounds involve a compromise to the integumentary (skin) system. • Classifications: • Abrasions • Avulsions • Incisions • Lacerations • Punctures

  3. Wounds

  4. Abrasion • Outer layer of skin is damaged. • Superficial wound. • Bleeding is limited (capillaries damage). • Very painful due to nerve endings being damaged. • Particles could be embedded in skin which increases infection risk.

  5. Abrasion

  6. Abrasion Treatment • Use latex gloves. • Clean area with soap and water. • Gentle scrub dirt away from wound. • Apply Neosporin ointment to a bandage and gentle apply bandage over wound.

  7. Abrasion Follow-up Care • Change dressing daily. • Allow to air out at night. • Keep wound clean.

  8. Avulsion • A forcible separation or tearing of tissue from the body (skin flap). • Heavy and rapid bleeding.

  9. Avulsion

  10. Avulsion Care • Use latex gloves! • Clean around the wound being careful to not wipe anything into wound. • Apply sterile gauze pad over wound. • Wrap avulsed body part in sterile gauze. • Place body part in a cold container. • Take victim to hospital – tetanus is possible.

  11. A sharp-cut wound caused by a sharp object like glass or metal. Deep cuts will cause rapid and heavy bleeding. May damage muscles, tendons, ligaments, and/or nerves. Incision

  12. Incision treatment • Use latex gloves. • Clean with disinfectant (superficial wounds). • Apply Neosporin to a sterile gauze bandage and gently cover wound. • See a physician – tetanus is possible.

  13. Incision Follow-up care • Change dressing daily. • Keep wound clean. • Watch for infections.

  14. Laceration • An irregular tear in the soft tissue (skin).

  15. Laceration Cont… • Example: • Being struck with a projectile (rock). • Colliding heads. • Being kicked. • Initial and Follow Care: • Same as Incisions.

  16. Puncture • A small hole in the tissue produced by an object piercing the skin layers. • External bleeding is limited. • Internal damage/bleeding may be extensive.

  17. Puncture Care • Initial: • Use latex gloves. • Clean around the wound. • DO NOT remove anything from the wound. • Bandage punctured item in place. • Refer to physician. • Tetanus shot.

  18. Puncture cont… • Follow up: • Change dressings regularly. • Watch for infection. Infections more likely because puncture wounds lack the external bleeding that flushes a wound.

  19. Biohazard - Gloves • -Always use latex gloves when treating an athlete with exposed body fluids. • -Provide a barrier between trainer and the wound/body fluid. • -Should be worn at all times when evaluating an athlete…possible undiscovered, open wound.

  20. Gloves cont… -Protects against body fluids • -blood from a wound. • -serum/pus fluid from a blister. • -vomit from an ill athlete. • -saliva • -urine/fecal matter.

  21. Gloves cont… Latex gloves general guidelines: • -Protective value diminishes after 10-15 minutes. • -If gloves tear, replace them immediately. • -Wear the proper size glove. • -After use: Gloves and contaminated materials should be disposed of properly in a biohazard infectious waste container.

  22. Biohazard cont… • -Athletic Trainer should properly clean the contaminated athletic training room/location. • -Bleach water solution…1/10 bleach/water. • -A bleach/water solution keeps its’ effectiveness for about 24 hours (1day). • -The bloodborne pathogens of most concern are: • HIV • Hepatitis B

  23. In 1994 the National Federation of State High School Associations adopted its 9 point Communicable Disease Procedures: • 1. Stop bleeding and remove blood from uniforms. • 2. Use precautions when handling body fluids. • 3. Wash body surfaces exposed to body fluids. • 4. Clean all surfaces and equipment before resuming play. • 5. Properly dispose of sharps and body fluids. • 6. Use artificial ventilation devices when performing CPR. • 7. Support personnel must follow precautions if their skin is broken. • 8. Proper cleaning and/or disposal of blood soaked towels. • 9. Follow accepted guidelines for controlling bleeding.

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