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1. I-2 Determine Sequence of Events

   Reading Standard I
2. I-2 Determine sequence of events Sequence of events require you to make connections between events, observations, or instructions in a passage. It is important to recognize the pattern of organization and the sequence of events.
3. I-2 Determine sequence of events Pattern of organization: Chronological Order Spatial Order Order of Importance Pattern of Comparing/Contrast Pattern of Cause and Effect Patterns of Main Idea/Details and Headings
4. I-2 Determine sequence of events Chronological order is the order of time from first to last events. It is used for narrating a story and in explaining a process step by step. When a writer uses chronological order, it is easy to determine the sequence of events. Words like first, then, next, after, before, and last help to show the sequence. Dates may also be used.
5. I-2 Determine sequence of events Example 1: (Chronological Order) Goldilocks went on a long walk in the woods. She became hungry and tired and saw a little cottage. The door was open so she went in. First, she went into the kitchen. She saw three bowls of porridge on the table. She tested the first, but it was too hot. The next one she tested was too cold. The last one was just right, so she ate it all. This fairy tale’s is told in chronologicalorder. It tells what she did first, next, and so on.
6. I-2 Determine sequence of events Example 2: (Chronological Order) Mother bear made porridge every morning. First she boiled the water with a pinch of salt. Then she added the porridge to the boiling water. She stirred and turned down the heat. She let it simmer for a few minutes before it was done. This paragraph shows the process of making porridge in chronological order.
7. I-2 Determine sequence of events Spatial Order uses details, such as description of a place, where things are described according to their closeness to each other.
8. I-2 Determine sequence of events Example: (Spatial Order) When Goldilocks went upstairs, she saw a big room. To the left was a huge bed that looked very hard. In the middle of the room was a medium-sized bed that looked too soft. To the right of that bed was very small one. It looked comfortable, so Goldilocks lay down on it and went to sleep. This part of the tale is told in spatial order. The bedroom is described as to space, or where the three beds were in relationship to the room and to each other.
9. I-2 Determine sequence of events Order of Importanceuses reasons or details in an order form either least to greatest or greatest to least importance.
10. I-2 Determine sequence of events Example: (Order of Importance) Goldilocks, you need to be safer in your walks in the woods. There are three things I want you to think about to change your behavior. Most importantly, never go into strangers’ homes. You don’t know what kind of creatures they are or what they may do. Next, be careful where you eat. Some creatures may not be very clean or use good hygiene. You could get food poisoning. Last, stay away from bears. Some of them are probably nice enough, but you really shouldn’t take the chance of hearing offensive language. I’m glad you told me about your last adventure, but your actions worry me sometimes.
11. I-2 Determine sequence of events This letter to Goldilocks form her mother shows order of importance. It’s not chronological order because it doesn’t tell a story or a process. It’s not spatial because it’s not describing a person or a place. She’s telling Goldilocks the reasons she shouldn't repeat her actions at the three bear’s house form most important to least important reasons.
12. I-2 Determine sequence of events An author can also use a pattern of comparing and/or contrasting a topic. An author presents the similarities and differences between two or more topics or subjects. Pay attention to the transition words the author uses. Using words like however, on the other hand, in the same way, like, as opposed, but, different, although, yet, and similarly show that the author is comparing or contrasting subjects.
13. I-2 Determine sequence of events Example: (Pattern of Comparing/Contrasting) Jackie was not like most high school students a Glennville High because she was born with no arms. She barely had enough shoulders on which to hang her book bag, but she never complained about being different. She was an am amazing person to watch in and out of class. Jackie’s desk was different from the other student desks because it was only about a foot high, slanted so that she could use her feet to maneuver her books and write, and required a chair so that she could sit in front of it.
14. I-2 Determine sequence of events Example: (Pattern of Comparing/Contrasting) Jackie used her feet like the other students used their hands. She ate, applied lipstick, wrote, and turned the pages of her book with her feet. When she entered the classroom, Jackie put her book bag on her chair and used her feet to open it and take out the materials she would need for class as opposed to other students who were socializing in the hall.
15. I-2 Determine sequence of events (Pattern of Comparing/Contrasting) This passage contrasts Jackie to other students at her school and includes the words like, but different, and as opposed to show how she was not like others at her school.
16. Pattern of Comparing/Contrasting Although she was different in many ways, Jackie was still an adventurous teenager, and she got into her share of trouble just like many other students at her school. Jackie developed a habit of smoking and surprised everyone by being caught smoking in the girls’ restroom at school. She also had a fondness for cutting classes, talking, and ignoring her homework assignments. Jackie spent her share of time in the in-school suspension class much like many other students at her school.
17. I-2 Determine sequence of events This passage compares Jackie to other students at her school and uses the words although, different, and like to show how she was like others at her school.
18. I-2 Determine sequence of events Pattern of Cause and Effect When using the pattern of cause and effect, the author presents one or several causes supported with their effects or one or several effects supported with their causes. Using a pattern of cause and effect may be recognized by the use of words like therefore, because, as a result, since, consequently, and for this reason. Cause and effect order lets us determine why something happened or didn’t happen.
19. Example: Pattern of Cause and Effect The puppy was sick; therefore, I took it to the emergency animal clinic in the middle of the night to see what was wrong with it. The veterinarian there determined that the puppy had an upper respiratory infection and should be given an antibiotic and a cough syrup. He also gave it a shot to help it rest. As a result of the shot, the puppy vomited and foamed at the mouth on the way home, and it terrified me. When I got home with the puppy, I called the veterinarian who said that the shot produces that result sometimes, so I shouldn’t worry about it. He said to give it the other medicines in the morning, and it would get better.
20. Example: Pattern of Cause and Effect Since the puppy was not coughing the next morning, I only gave it the antibiotic. Consequently, it did not get better. Because it was still not better that evening, I decided to give it the cough medicine even though it was not coughing. Two hours after receiving the medicine, the puppy started to feel better. For this reason, I wished I had given it the cough medicine that morning as the veterinarian said I should. If I had, it would have felt better sooner.
21. I-2 Determine sequence of events Pattern of Cause and Effect This passage shows the causes and effects of the puppy’s illness, the trip to the emergency clinic, and what took place after the visit. Each cause and each effect is supported by details, and the author used the words therefore, because, as a result, since, for this reason, and consequently to make points in the event.
22. I-2 Determine sequence of events Patterns of Main Idea/Details and Headings Stating the main idea and following it with details in a reading passage is another form of organization that authors use to help readers to understand what they are reading. When the author states the main idea near the beginning of the piece of writing and follows it with effective supporting details and examples, the writing is much easier to read and to understand. Technical writers and those who write academic materials use this type of organization to help readers to master difficult material quickly.
23. I-2 Determine sequence of events Patterns of Main Idea/Details and Headings This pattern of main idea followed by details can also be used with headings. A heading usually give the main idea of the text to follow.
24. Making Inexpensive Business Cards Having business cards printed by a commercial printer is expensive; however, you can create and print your own cards simply and economically. Your most important decision is determining exactly what you want on your card. If you need help deciding, one good Internet site that provides card samples is www.businesscards.com. This site will also allow you to copy and download free sample cards. Once you have determined what you want on your card, the “envelopes and labels” section under “tools” in some software word processing programs have step-b-step instructions for making business cards.
25. Making Inexpensive Business Cards Once you have determined what you want on your card, the “envelopes and labels” section under “tools” in some software word processing programs have step-b-step instructions for making business cards. You may have to experiment with placing your pictures and text to get them positioned where they need to be, but once you get the card as you want it, you can print a sample on plain paper for your finished product. When you have the card exactly as you want it, you can print it on your card stock for a fraction of what a printing service would charge. Printing your own card results in a unique product that is totally yours, and it saves you money, too.
26. I-2 Determine sequence of events Making Inexpensive Business Cards In this passage, the first sentence is the main idea. The rest of the passage offers details that support the idea of making simple, inexpensive business cards. It is written simply and offers information about finding free sample cards, simple directions for creating the cards, and hints for saving the expensive card stock paper.
27. “Dorothy Parker” page 7 How did Dorothy Parker begin her career as a writer? As a copy writer for Vogue As a student at convent school As a drama critic for Vanity Fair As a member of the Algonquin Answer: A
28. “In and of Ourselves We Trust” page 10 When does Andy Rooney decide that he stopped at the red light “because it’s part of a contract we all have with each other”? After he goes to bed While braking for the light During his wait at the light Before he reaches Lewisburg Answer: A
29. “Saga of a Seagoing Dog” page 15 What did Santos do when he FIRST arrived on the boat? He fell overboard. He growled at the author. He barked at a nearby fishing boat. He whimpered as he smelled the wind. Answer: B
30. “From Points to Periods” page 39 In the development of punctuation, which appeared FIRST? points spaces ellipses Semicolons Answer: A
31. “Video Game Designer” page 28 The next step after approval of a game concept is to Field test the game. Produce story boards. Create a working model. Estimate consumer reaction. Answer: C