North American Peoples — Ch. 1, Sect. 3

1. North American Peoples—Ch. 1, Sect. 3 Key Terms Pueblo Drought Adobe Federation

2. Early Native Americans • Many Native American cultures existed in North America before __________ arrived in the 1500’s. • The ________ lived in the desert of present-day Arizona. a. Their civilization flourished from A.D. 300 to A.D. 1300. b. They built ________ ________ from nearby Gila and Salt Rivers to hot, dry land. c. Left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells.

3. The Anasazi • Anasazi lived in an area known as the ______ ______ (or meeting place) of present day Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico from A.D. 1 to A.D. 1300. • Built ______ and ______ dwellings. • Cliff dwellings were built into walls of steep cliffs. --were easy to defend and offered protection from weather. • Stone dwellings, called ________, looked like apartment buildings. • 1300, Anasazi left dwellings to settle in smaller communities, possibly because _________ dried up crops.

4. Pueblo Bonita & Mesa Verde Mesa Verde (Colorado) Pueblo Bonita (New Mexico)

5. Mound Builders • Lived in central North America from Pennsylvania to Mississippi River valley. Built mounds of earth that looked like Aztec stone pyramids. Aztec stone pyramid recreation. Cahokia Monks Mound

6. Mound Builders—cont. • The _______ were hunters and gatherers and among earliest Mound Builders living in the Ohio Valley around 800 B.C. • The Hopewell (farmers and traders) followed them and built large burial mounds shaped like birds, bears, and snakes. They left behind artifacts in the mounds to show their trade.

7. The Cahokia • The ________ built the largest settlement in Illinois. The city may have had 16,000 people. Highest mound is ____ _____, rose nearly 100 feet and was probably the highest structure north of Mexico.

8. Other Native Americans North • Called ________; they settled near the Arctic Ocean. • Inuits may have been last to migrate to N. America over Beringia. • Built ________ for protection from the weather. • Wore furs and sealskins to keep warm and dry. • Were hunters and fishers. West • Tlinget, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce, Yakima, Pomo, Ute, and Shoshone. • Main food was ______________. • Used resources from the forest and sea to hunt and gather. • Ute and Shoshone created temporary shelters as they traveled in search of food.

9. Other Native Americans—cont. Southwest • Hopi, Acoma, and Zuni. • Homes were made of _________ bricks; raised maize, beans, & squash. • Navajo & Apache settled in region in the 1500’s. • Also hunters and gatherers, but unlike other people of the region, they built square homes called hogans. • Basic food was ____________. Plains • People were nomadic. • Hunted, farmed, and built tents called ________ that they moved with them from place to place. • Learned to tame wild horses—used them to hunt and fight.

10. Other Native Americans—cont. East • Iroquois and Cherokee had formal law codes and formed ___________ = governments that linked different groups. • Lived near Canada and formed five Iroquois groups or nations: 1. Onondaga 2. Seneca 3. Mohawk 4. Oneida 5. Cayuga • Groups warred with each other until late 1500’s when they formed the ________ ________ (also called the Iroquois Confederacy). • Members of I.L. organized according to ________, or groups of related families. • Women in clan chose clan mother who, in turn, chose 50 male members of the Grand Council.

11. Other Native Americans—cont. • Southeast • Included the Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole. • Farmed and adapted to the warmer woodlands climate of the south.