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What Psychologists do

What Psychologists do. Different Roles for Psychologists. Clinical Psychologists – treat people w psychological problems (anxiety, schizophrenia) Counseling Psychologists – counsel people with adjustment problems

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What Psychologists do

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  1. What Psychologists do

  2. Different Roles for Psychologists • Clinical Psychologists – treat people w psychological problems (anxiety, schizophrenia) • Counseling Psychologists – counsel people with adjustment problems • School Psychologists – identify and help people with learning disabilities (individual students) • Educational Psychologists – similar but work on school-wide curriculum • Developmental Psychologists - changes people undergo (physical, emotional, cognitive, social)

  3. Roles Cont’d. • Personality Psychologists – study personality traits • Social Psychologists – study social interactions • Experimental Psychologists – focus on linking physical (biological) responses with psychological responses

  4. Identify the Psychologist Journal (8-29 Relating) • I deal with patients who struggle with anxiety and aggression. • If people are having problems with drug abuse, they would come and see me. • It is suspected that tainted water may be affecting healthy birth-rates in a specific part of a community. They would call in me to help identify and fix the problem. • This type of psychologist would be interested in linking a the body’s reaction to hunger with the brain’s reaction to hunger.

  5. Identify the Psychologist • You’re under a lot of stress at work which may be leading to the consistent headaches that you are experiencing. You would want to see a ________________ psychologist. • I am doing an experiment at a local bar to observe how men and women interact. What type of psychologist am I? • I am designing a new curriculum that will help students become more engaged in learning chemistry. What is my field of expertise? • I work with students with specific learning disabilities. What is my area of expertise?

  6. Warm-Up Discussion • What human behaviors would you most like to know about? • Ex. How do children earn right from wrong?

  7. Section 3 BIG IDEA • Explain the historical background of the study of psychology.

  8. PowerPoint Assignment • Using your book or the internet • Prepare a 4-5 slide presentation that will teach the rest of the class about the psychologist that you are assigned. • Include major achievements or theory associated with your psychologist. • Save in apps folder PSYCH-LYON • Seth- Wihelm Wundt • Nicole– William James • Beth—Alfred Adler • Marshall– John B. Watson • John—B.F. Skinner • Bobby Jo—Sigmund Freud

  9. Key Terms • Introspection – looking within • Associationism – associating two ideas or events • Structuralism – psychology that focuses on the basic elements of consciousness. • Focus on introspection • Functionalism – studying how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment • Focus on behavioral observation and introspection

  10. Wilhelm Wundt • Structuralism – experiences are based on: • 1) objective observations • 2) subjective feelings • Rely on INTROSPECTION

  11. William James • Functionalism • Focuses on how the brain works to perceive its environment • Introspection and observation • Attempts to address the purposes of mental processes

  12. John Watson • Behaviorism • The idea that an outside mental process cannot be studied • Observing behavior is the only scientific way to study mental processes

  13. B.F. Skinner • Reinforcement • Behavior can be reinforced through a system of rewards • Operant Conditioning – a mind learns by “operating” on its environment

  14. Alfred Adler • Self Awareness • The mind is naturally self aware of its functions and obstacles to learning • Inferiority Complex • The belief that fear of failure motivates one to succeed

  15. Sigmund Freud • Psychoanalysis • The brain is motivated by things in the subconscious • All thoughts and actions are significant and reflect some level of reality or consciousness Psychoanalysis – emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives in determining human behavior Psychodynamic thinking – most brain activity is uncounscious

  16. Gestalt School • Gestalt School of Thought (whole figure) • Things cannot be broken into structural elements to be understood • People perceive sights and sounds as organized “wholes” or GROUPS • Everything associated with an object is as important as that object

  17. Define • Biological Perspective • Evolutionary Perspective • Cognitive Perspective • Humanistic Perspective • Psychoanalytic Perspective • Learning Perspective • Social-learning theory • ethnic group

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