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Xavier Maldague MaldagX@gel.ulaval mivim.gel.ulaval

Chaire de recherche du Canada. Titulaire : Xavier Maldague. Xavier Maldague MaldagX@gel.ulaval.ca http://mivim.gel.ulaval.ca. Report on project Inter-American Materials Research – Infrared Thermography for NDT . Xavier Maldague Cali, March 16, 2012. Outline. Université Laval

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Xavier Maldague MaldagX@gel.ulaval mivim.gel.ulaval

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  1. Chaire de recherche du Canada Titulaire : Xavier Maldague Xavier Maldague MaldagX@gel.ulaval.ca http://mivim.gel.ulaval.ca • Report on project • Inter-American Materials Research – Infrared Thermography for NDT Xavier Maldague Cali, March 16, 2012

  2. Outline • Université Laval • Electrical and Computing Engineering Dept. • Computing and Digital Systems Laboratory • MIVIM Research Chair • Infrared vision • Some Recent MIVIM Activities • Joint Inter-American project • Conclusions

  3. 1. Université Laval

  4. Our location in Canada 4

  5. Université Laval • Located in Québec City, recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage (1663, 1852), French speaking • over 45 000 students • over 400 academic programs – undergraduate and graduate • 235 research centres, chairs and institutes (our: Infrared Vision) • 17 faculties (our: Science & Engineering) • over 3,400 professors, part-time lecturers, teaching and research staff • over 5,000,000 documents in its library collections • Safe campus that covers 1.75 km2, 56% of which is wooded areas, grasslands, botanical gardens and sports fields • over 40 buildings and 10 km of underground tunnels linking all buildings • 2,277 individual rooms in on-campus residences • one of the largest sport complexes in Canada

  6. Université Laval Our Pavilion 6

  7. 2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. • 600 students (150 graduate students) • 23 Faculties • 25 Employees • 5 research laboratories: 8 Mar., 9:26, + 8.67°C http://meteo-laval.gel.ulaval.ca/ 7

  8. 3. Computing, Vision & Digital Systems Laboratory • 7 faculties, 60 graduatestudents, 1 technican , 5 research staff, • 1 assistant 8

  9. Stereo Vision Sensor 3D Sensor IR Vidéo Simulation Surgery Tracking Modeling 3D NDE Compression Perception Action Intelligent Systems Learning Neural Network Fuzzy Logic Modeling 2D/3D 9

  10. Computer Vision and Systems Laboratory - CVSL The CVSL hosts the activities of 7 faculties and over 60 graduate students and research professionals, working on the central theme of computer vision and its industrial and biomedical applications: • Evolutionary Computations, • 3-D Sensing and Modeling, • Virtual Reality and Simulation, • Video Sequence Processing, • Biological Vision, • Cognitive Vision, • Infrared Vision. http://www.ulaval.ca http://vision.gel.ulaval.ca 10

  11. Xavier Maldague has been professor at the Electrical and Computing Engineering Department of Laval University since 1989. Prof. Maldague started the research work in infrared thermography, NonDestructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques and vision and digital systems for industrial inspection in the CVSL. 3 books, More than 300 papers, Extensive work on infrared signal processing and image analysis algorithms Chair holder of MIVIM since 2004, renewed: 2011. Hakim Bendada joined the Computer Vision and Systems Laboratory at Laval University in Canada in 2005. His current scientific interests are centered on infrared vision and sensors, NDE, optical design in thermometry, opto-thermal inspection in industrial processes, photothermal diagnostics, and non-invasive thermophysics. More than 70 papers, Extensive work on laser-beam thermography, image processing and inverse problems in heat transfer. 4. Infrared thermography research at the CVSL 11

  12. Canada Research Chairs Multipolar Infrared Vision Research Chair - MIVIM • The central long-term objective of this Canada Research Chair is to solve the key problems limiting the use of infrared vision in multi-polar civilian applications such as in NDE, numerical simulation, biotech and health sector, environment, security and other fields as well. • 2 professors, • 1 Researcher, • 12 Ph. D. students, • 9 M. Sc. Students. http://mivim.gel.ulaval.ca

  13. Professors (2): Xavier Maldague (Chair holder) Hakim Bendada Researcher (1) : Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo Ph. D. (12) : Hai Zhang, Moulay Akhloufi, Frank Billy Djupkep Dizeu, Yuxia Duan, Amira Ebeid, Marc Grenier, Matthieu Klein, Louis St-Laurent, Reza Shoja Ghiass, Hai Zhang, Henrique Fernandes, Simon Fisette M. Sc. (9) : M.-A. Béland, N. Boutellis, Z. Fang, K. Peycheva, L.-D. Théroux, É. Turenne, V. Paquin, Ph. Tran-Gia, O. Lévesque Main research areas: NDT, security, biomedical, etc. Team MIVIM 2012 http://mivim.gel.ulaval.ca

  14. 5. Infrared vision

  15. 5. Infrared vision • Infrared vision is a subdivision of computer vision (i.e. the use of computers to emulate human vision), which employs (low-, mid- and high-level) computerized processes to "make sense" of images generated in the infrared part of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Reflectography/ transmittography Non-thermal reflections Thermal emissions Thermography Terahertz imaging THz

  16. Non-thermal IR vision NIR/SWIR reflections or transmissions Reflectography Transmittography

  17. Thermal IR vision Thermal emissions 17

  18. IR vision: summary of characteristics • NIR (0.7-1.1 mm) or SWIR(1.1-2.5 mm • Reflections/transmissions • Single images • MWIR (3-5 mm) or LWIR (7-14 mm) • Thermal emissions • 3D thermogram sequences (time) Non-thermal vision Thermal vision

  19. 6. Some Recent MIVIM: Activities

  20. IR vision application example: artworks inspection

  21. Infrared reflectography/transmittography Visible photograph Infrared reflectrograms NIR (780 nm) SWIR (1650 nm)

  22. Non-thermal infrared vision and applications

  23. Fat estimation in near infrared Canadian beef grading The key grading criteria for the quality grades are carcass maturity, muscling, meat quality, external fat covering, and marbling.

  24. Fat estimation in near infrared (cont.) Visible NIR (940 nm) NIR transmittogram mechanism through the meat: top and bottom faces of meat sample

  25. Fat estimation in near infrared (cont.) 700 – 1100 nm Model of two matched regions to evaluation the volume of the marbling

  26. Fat estimation in near infrared (cont.) 3D illustration the two sides of the meat sample. (From top to bottom: VIS image top face; NIR image top face; NIR image bottom face and VIS image bottom face.) 26

  27. Vein extraction for Biometry, etc. 700 – 1100 nm extraction Dark intermediate skin Light skin

  28. NIR reflectography/transmittography of GFRP 900 – 1700 nm

  29. Thermal vision: Passive thermography and applications

  30. Security applications (1) • People tracking : visible + IR Master/Slave channel merging: dotted line

  31. Security applications (2) • Parking lot People class: "Stop walking" and "Resume walking" actions Vehicle class: "parking" and "starting" actions are shown

  32. Biological applications (1) • Investigation of blood circulation in snow goose legs

  33. Biological applications (2) Farm Animal Production: Monitoring Applications • Stress in chickens • Cow calving • Cow counting 1day, 16 day 33

  34. 3D air temperature measurement: local comfort assessment target calibration (RANSAC algorithm) Homography Hv between visible image n and reference visible image Homography Hir between IR image n and reference IR image A/ Visible camera B/ IR camera C/ Pan-tilt Unit

  35. 3D air temperature measurement (cont.) visible outside temperature HxLxD=3m x 3m x3m

  36. Thermal vision: Active thermography and applications

  37. Active thermography for NDT (NonDestructive Testing) • Active thermography is based on the detection and recording by an infrared camera of thermal radiations emitted by object surface. • Presence of an internal defect reveals itselfon surface by the temperature perturbation above this defect. • To detect defects, it is sometimes necessary to destabilize the object thermal state through heating or cooling (→ active thermography ). Talk of Dr. Ibarra-Castanedo

  38. 7. Joint Inter-American projectCanada / Colombia

  39. Joint Inter-American project: Canada / Colombia • Topic: Infrared Thermography for NonDestructive Testing (NDT) • Funded in Canada by: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and in Colombia by Colciencias • Period 1 – 2004 to 2009 • Period 2 – 2009 to 2012, including an «End-of-Project Seminar»

  40. Joint Inter-American project: Involved students • Graduate Student: Ph. D. completed • Mirela SUSA on Numerical modeling of pulse thermography experiments for defect characterization purposes (2009) • Graduate Student: Ph. D. in progress • Hai ZHANG on Infrared Thermography for Polymer NDT (2012) • Henrique FERNANDES on Infrared Thermography for Polymer Properties Assessment (2012) • Yuxia DUAN on Probability of detection for Infrared NDT (2009) • Marc GRENIER on Inductive Infrared Thermography (2007)

  41. Joint Inter-American project: Involved students • Graduate Student: M. Sc. completed • Wael Ben LARBI on Comparaison of Modulated and Pulsed Thermography (2007) • Jean-Marc PIAU on Developpement of procedures for Sonic Thermography (2007) • Stéphane GUIBERT on Numerical Interface for Thermography (2006) • Chen LIU on Thermography of Complex Geometry Specimens (2006)

  42. Joint Inter-American project: Involved students • GraduateStudent: M. Sc. in progress • Phuong TranGia on Eddy CurrentThermography for Cracks Detection (2011) • Kira Peycheva on ExperimentalVibro-thermography(2010)

  43. Joint Inter-American project: Papers (Cali+Quebec) H. Benitez, H. Loaiza; E. F. Caicedo Bravo, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, A. Bendada; X. Maldague, “Defect characterization in infrared non destructive testing with learning machines,” NDT&E Int’l, 42: 630–643, 2009. H. D. Benitez, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, A. Bendada, X. Maldague, H. Loaiza, E. Caicedo, “Definition of a new thermal contrast and pulse correction for defect quantification in pulsed thermography, Infrared Physics and Technology, 51[3]: 160-167, January 2008. M. Susa, H. Benitez, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, H. Loaiza, A. Bendada, X. Maldague, “Phase contrast using Differentiated Absolute Contrast Method”, J. QIRT, 3[2]: 219-230, 2006. H. Benitez , A. Bendada, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, X. Maldague, H. Loaiza, "Analytical forward and inversion modeling of infrared phase images using thermal quadrupole theory in pulsed phase thermography”, 9th AITA, Mexico, October 2007. Ibarra-Castanedo C., González D., Benitez Restrepo H. D., Bendada H. and Maldague X. “Estado del arte en el procesado de señales infrarojas para la evaluación no destructiva de materiales,” XI Simposio de Tratamiento de Señales, Imágenes y Visión Artificial, Bogota, Colombia, Paper No. STS532, Septembre 13-15, 2006. Benitez H., Ibarra-Castanedo C., Loaiza H., Caicedo E., Bendada A., and Maldague X. “Defect quantification with thermographic signal reconstruction and artificial neural networks,” QIRT 8 – Quantitative Infrared Thermography, Padova, Italy, June 28-30, 2006. Susa M., Benitez H., Ibarra-Castanedo C., Loaiza H. and Maldague X. “Phase contrast using differentiated absolute contrast method,” QIRT 8 – Quantitative Infrared Thermography, Padova, Italy, June 28-30, 2006.

  44. Joint Inter-American project: Papers (Period 2 only) Y. Duan, P. Servais, M. Genest, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, and X. P. V. Maldague, “ThermoPoD: A Reliability Study on Active Infrared Thermography for the Inspection of Composite Materials,” submitted 14 Dec 2011 to Journal of Mechanical and Science Technology. C. Ibarra-Castanedo, A. Bendada, N. Avdelidis, X. P. V. Maldague, Nondestructive Assessment of Glass Fibre Composites by Mid-Wave and Near Infrared Vision, Special Issue of Materials Transactions for APCNDT 2009, accepted Nov. 28th, 2011. C. Ibarra-Castanedo, N. P. Avdelidis, E. G. Grinzato, P. G. Bison, S. Marinetti, C. Cochior Plescanu, A. Bendada and X. P. Maldague, “Delamination detection and impact damage assessment of GLARE by active thermography,” Int. J. Materials and Product Technology, 41[1/2/3/4]: 5-16, 2011. Fr. J. Madruga, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, O. M. Conde, J. M. López-Higuera, X. Maldague, Infrared thermography processing based on higher-order statistics, NDT & E International, 43[8]: 661-666, November 2010. M. Susa, X. Maldague, I. Boras, "Improved method for absolute thermal contrast evaluation using Source Distribution Image (SDI), Infrared Physics & Technology, 53: 197-203, March 2010. C. Ibarra-Castanedo, A. Bendada, X. P. V. Maldague, N. Avdelidis, "Nondestructive assessment of glass fibre composites by near and mid-wave infrared vision," accepted to Materials Transactions of Japan Soc. for NonDestructive Inspection (JSNDI), 2.2012. C. Ibarra-Castanedo, J.-M. Piau, S. Guilbert, N. P. Avdelidis, M. Genest, A. Bendada and X. P. V. Maldague, “Comparative study of active thermography techniques for the nondestructive evaluation of honeycomb structures,” Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 20: 1-31, 2009. J.-M. Piau, A. Bendada and X. Maldague, “Ultrasound Vibrothermography Applications for Nondestructive Discontinuity Detection, ” Materials Evaluation, 66[10]: 1047-1052, 2008. P. Servais, N. Gerlach, J. Habermehl, C. Ibarra-Castanedo and X. Maldague, “Characterization of manufacturing and maintenance aerospace composite defects using infrared thermography, ” Materials Evaluation, 66[9]: 955-962, 2008. ASNT Outstanding Paper Award 2009. C. Ibarra-Castanedo, M. Genest, M.Grenier, J.-M. Piau, A. Bendada, X. Maldague, "Active infrared thermography with applications,"IEEE Canadian Review / La Revue canadienne de l'IEEE”, 57:8-12, Spring / Printemps 2008. J.-M. Piau, A. Bendada, X. Maldague, J.-G. Legoux, Nondestructive inspection of open micro-cracks in thermallysprayed-coatings using ultrasound excited vibrothermography, Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 23[2]: 109-120, 2008. M. Genest, D. S. Forsyth, X. Maldague, “Comparison of Solid Highlighter Materials for Thermography,” CINDE Journal, 28[4]: 7-12, JulyAugust 2007. C. Ibarra-Castanedo, M. Genest, P. Servais, X. P. V. Maldague and A. Bendada, “Qualitative and quantitative assessment of aerospace structures by pulsed thermography,” Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, special issue on infrared thermography, 22[2]: 199 - 215, 2007. + more than 30 conference papers

  45. 7. Conclusions

  46. Conclusions • The Inter-American Materials Research Project Cali/Québec on Infrared Thermography for NDT has been quite successful in terms of: involved students and prepared papers (journals, conferences) • Many exchanges took place between Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and Université Laval • Plan is to continue our cooperation, for example by involving graduate students and working on common projects •   

  47. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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