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Understanding Molecular Compounds: Bonds, Formulas, & Properties

Learn about covalent bonds, molecular formulas, properties, and differences between ionic and covalent compounds. Practice identifying atoms in molecular compounds and grasp key concepts in chemistry.

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Understanding Molecular Compounds: Bonds, Formulas, & Properties

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  1. BELLWORK 1/17/19 • Is the following compound an Ionic Compound? Why or Why Not? PCl5

  2. Chapter 7.1 – Molecular/Covalent Compounds • In this chapter, you will learn about another type of bond in which electrons are shared • Covalent Bonds are atoms held together by SHARING electrons between NONMETALS

  3. Salt versus Molecules • A metal cation and nonmetal anion are joined together by an ionic bond called SALT • A group of atoms joined together by a covalent bond is called a MOLECULE • A Compound is a group of two or more elements bonded together (Ionic or Covalent).

  4. Molecular or (Covalent Compounds) • Compounds between two non-metals, held together by covalent bonds.

  5. Monatomic vs. Diatomic Molecules • Most molecules can be monatomic or diatomic. • Monatomic molecules are stable and have a full octet of valence electrons. They exist in nature as single atoms. • Ex: All of the Noble Gases.

  6. A Diatomic Molecule is a molecule consisting of two atoms, that does not exist as a single atom in nature. They are not diatomic when they are in a compound, only by themselves.Ex: H2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, etc…… Diatomic Molecules • There are 7 diatomic molecules (7-UP) N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, H2

  7. Properties of Molecular Compounds • Liquids or gases at room temperature • Lower Melting Points than Ionic Compounds (which means that they form weaker compounds than ionic compounds)

  8. Molecular Formulas • The Molecular Formula is the formula of a molecular compound • It shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains • Example • H2O contains 3 atoms (2 atoms of H, 1 atom of O) • C2H6 contains 8 atoms (2 atoms of C, 6 atoms of H)

  9. Practice How many atoms of each element do the following molecular compounds contain? • H2 • CO • CO2 • NH3 • C2H6O

  10. ANSWERS • 1. H2 – 2 atoms of hydrogen • 2. CO – 1 atom of carbon and 1 atom of oxygen • 3. CO2 – 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen • 4. NH3 – 1 atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of hydrogen • 5. C2H6O – 2 atoms of carbon, 6 atoms of hydrogen, and 1 atom of oxygen.

  11. Learning Check: True or False • All molecular compounds are composed of atoms of two or more elements. • All compounds are molecules. • Molecular compounds are composed of two or more nonmetals. • Atoms in molecular compounds exchange electrons. • Molecular compounds have higher melting and boiling points than ionic compounds. TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE

  12. Ionic versus Covalent

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