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Digestive System

Digestive System. Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestines Large Intestines and Rectum Anus Pancreas Liver and biliary Tract. See Overhead. Adult Prevalence of GI Conditions. Adult Prevalence of GI Conditions. Abdominal pain. Gastroenteritis.

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Digestive System

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  1. Digestive System • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestines • Large Intestines and Rectum • Anus • Pancreas • Liver and biliary Tract See Overhead

  2. Adult Prevalence of GI Conditions

  3. Adult Prevalence of GI Conditions

  4. Abdominal pain Gastroenteritis

  5. Objectives: You students will be able to determine the origin of abdominal pain from particular attention to a detailed description of the pain and associated symptoms. get the differential diagnosis (DD) depending on physical finding and proper diagnostic approach. recognize and treat Gastroenteritis.

  6. Evaluation of Acute Abdominal Pain History Physical Exam Laboratory Analysis Imaging Endoscopy Invasive Techniques Treatment 6

  7. Basic Evaluation • CBC • Chemistry • Electrolytes • Renal function • Liver function • Pancreatic enzymes • Urinanalysis • Pregnancy test

  8. Additional Evaluation • CT abdomen and pelvis • Ultrasound • IVP • GI contrast studies • Endoscopy • Laparoscopy • Abdominal exploration

  9. Abdominal Pain DD

  10. Structural approach to the DD of Acute Abdominal Pain • Thoracic structure 1. Cardiac (e.g. MI) 2. Pulmonary (e.g. pneumonia) 3. Esophageal 4. Vascular (e.g. aneurysm)

  11. 1. liver 2. Gallbladder 3. pancreas 4. Stomach 5. Small Intestine 6. Large Intestine 7. kidney, ureters, bladder 8. Female reproductive organs 9. Blood vessels 10. Rectum 11. Musculoskeletal 12. Vascular -aneurysm DD (cont.): B. Abdominal structures

  12. DD (cont.): C. Miscellaneous 1. Psychogenic 2. Metabolic (e.g. diabetes) 3. abscess 4. Infectious 5. Neoplastic 6. trauma/obstruction

  13. Acute Abdominal Pain • One working definition of acute abdominal pain is pain so bad that the patient cannot wait until tomorrow or next week for a physician appointment.

  14. Final Diagnosis for the PrSy of Abd Pain (Acute and Chronic) in FP offices

  15. Differential Diagnostic: RLQ Pain Appendicitis Urolithiasis Cholecystitis Diverticulitis Colon Meckel's Gastroenteritis Mesenteric Adenitis Crohn’s Disease Malignancy Obstruction PID Ovarian Cyst Ruptured Torsed Ectopic Pregnancy Muscular Hematoma Strain Hernia Intussusception

  16. Gastroenteritis

  17. What is gastroenteritis? • It is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is sometimes referred to as “stomach flu”, even though it is not related to influenza.

  18. Viral Bacterial Parasitic Causes

  19. Common routes of infection • Food • Contaminated water • Contact with an infected person • Unwashed hands • Dirty utensils

  20. Symptoms • Diarrhea • Abdominal pain or cramping • Nausea • Vomiting • Fever • Poor feeding (in infants)

  21. Symptoms (continued) • Unintentional weight loss (a sign of dehydration) • Excessive sweating • Clammy skin • Muscle pain or joint stiffness • Incontinence (loss of stool control)

  22. Signs of dehydration • Extreme thirst • Dark urine • Dry skin • Dry mouth • Sunken cheeks or eyes • In infants, dry diapers (for more than 4-6 hours)

  23. Diagnosis • Medical history • Physical examination • Stool culture

  24. DD • Pneumonia • Septicemia • UTI • Meningitis • Appendicitis • Intussusception • Hirschsprung’s disease

  25. Treatment • Replacement of fluids and electrolytes • Antibiotics if it’s bacterial

  26. Prevention • Washing hands • Cleaning and disinfection • Safe water • Food sanitation

  27. Objectives: You students will be able to • determine the origin of abdominal pain from particular attention to a detailed description of the pain and associated symptoms. • get the DD depending on physical finding and proper diagnostic approach. • Recognize and treat GE.

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