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IMPLEMENTING BLUE SKY PROGRAM: THE ROLE OF NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORT IN IMPROVING AIR QUALITY IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

IMPLEMENTING BLUE SKY PROGRAM: THE ROLE OF NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORT IN IMPROVING AIR QUALITY IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA. H. Herry Zudianto 1 Dr. Danang Parikesit 2. 1. Former Mayor of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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IMPLEMENTING BLUE SKY PROGRAM: THE ROLE OF NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORT IN IMPROVING AIR QUALITY IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

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  1. IMPLEMENTING BLUE SKY PROGRAM: THE ROLE OF NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORT IN IMPROVING AIR QUALITY IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA H. Herry Zudianto1 Dr. Danang Parikesit2 1. Former Mayor of Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2. Technical Adviser to the Mayor of Yogyakarta City Government, Lecturer at Faculty of Engineering and Senior Researcher at the Center for Transportation and Logistics Studies, both at Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta Indonesia

  2. Yogyakarta • Small scale city at the Java Island, 32,50 km2 • Population 517,000, density 160 people/ha • Main activities: tourism, education, trading

  3. Mixed Traffic CURRENT CONDITION OF TRANSPORTATION Congested Roads Bad Image of Public Tranport Air Pollution

  4. RESPONDING DEVELOPMENT NEEDS AND AIR QUALITY ISSUES • Declining small and medium business in the city centre – revitalization of city centre through improved environmental condition • Promoting new growth centers – de-concentration of business and utilizing spatial capacity

  5. CLEANER MOBILITY AND URBAN REVITALIZATION • Cleaner mobility as a result of urban development strategy, and not as an objective • Created as a program package • Public transport reform • Revitalization of CBD • Promotion of NMT (non-motorized transport) • Introduction of I & M scheme

  6. CURRENT CONDITION OF AIR QUALITY CO Pb (Lead) HC PM10

  7. Development of Non Motorized Transport • The amount of non motorized transport in the city tends to be constant: • Rickshaws: 6,000 • Horse drawn carts: 79 • Bicycles users: 42,987 (in 2003) dropped to 27,569 (in 2005)  34%. • Compare to motorized vehicles: • 213,690 motorcycles, 31,432 cars • The annual growth level is 8.25% for motorcycle and 6.65% for cars • Mode share: • Motorcycles: 53.1% • Cars: 12.2% • Bus: 7.8% • NMT: 17.9% • Others: 9%

  8. MULTY STAKEHOLDERS INITIATIVES • Government • Private Sector • Civil Society • Media

  9. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES • Provision of Regulatory • Development of draft NMT regional regulation; • Registration & Legislation of NMT (rickshaw) • Provision of infrastructure • Special lane, e.g. contra-flow lane (still at pilot stage), bicycle lane (proposed design) • Pedestrian and NMT Facilities (pedestrian crossings, rickshaw rank, NMT special lane) at the city center (Malioboro Area)

  10. Creating people’s awareness on the clean and green environment – cities should be develop for people, not vehicles Encouraging people to act together Creating livable urban space – a place to meet, and a shelter for urban population Encourage people to walk! URBAN GREENING PROGRAM

  11. PRIVATE SECTOR AND NGOs INITIATIVES • Pedestrianization development plan at the city center using Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme • Rickshaw Modernization • New technology for less weight, more space, safer, more ergonomic with comparable price • Development of rickshaw training center

  12. ATTRACTING PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPER: CITY CENTER REVITALIZATION • 80’s – Study recognized the needs for city centre revitalization • 90’s – SDC-funded Yogyakarta Urban Development Project/ Yogyakarta Urban Infrastructure Management Support – suggesting pedestrianization for Malioboro street. Funding unavailability hampered the implementation. • 2001 – MoU between Provincial Government, City Government and ITDP. ITDP to provide Technical Assistance in developing a strategy to implement the pedestrianization scheme • 2002 – MoU between City Government and ICLEI Indo CCP • 2003 – Mayor’s commitment at MAPES Conference, Honolulu to start promoting Livable City. • 2003 – Yogyakarta received a 5* award from ICLEI • 2004 – Physical construction started using staged development strategy • 2005 – Physical construction continues • 2005-2006 – GoI/WB Technical Assistance support for private sector participation scheme Mayor Herry received an environmental achievement award during MAPES 2003

  13. CIVIL SOCIETY AND MEDIA INITIATIVES • University and ITDP supported rickshaw modernization • The establishment of Tourism Becak Association (in 2002) with 800 members of rickshaw drivers • The establishment of Jogjakarta Onthel Community (JOC), 2002 – 300 members, to promote the use of bicycle in the city • Promotion of NMT use through electronic and printed media i.e radio talkshow, bulletins • Mayor and Ministers to pedal modern rickshaw • Green bike program connecting major campuses in Yogyakarta

  14. PROGRESS OF THE AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT (1) • In 2002, only 5 (five) locations of which 4 (four) ambient air quality parameters were monitored, namely CO, HC, SO2, and Pb. • In 2005, 33 (thirty three) locations were monitored and 7 (seven) air quality data (CO, HC, SO2, Pb, TSP, NOx, PM10) were collected. • The increase in the number of locations and parameters of ambient air quality surveyed has given the policy makers a better comprehension on the nature of the problems and its impacts.

  15. PROGRESS OF THE AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT (2) • In most congested streets, concentration of HC and PM10 has exceeded ambient standards. • Currently, economic impact and health impact associated with energy efficiency and PM10 and Pb and productivity loss (due to respiratory sickness) costs city residents 8 - 10% of the city’s GDP • Between 2002 and 2005, the ambient air quality has been either stable or improved except in some highly congested road network. In the city centre the concentration of HC is stable despite rapid motorization experienced by the city.

  16. Media Jogja Onthel Community Tourism Becak Association Becak Modernization AIR QUALITY CONDITION CO: 10,733 μg/m3 HC: 269.7 μg/m3 SO2: 15.2 μg/m3 Pb: 0.995 μg/m3 PM10: 131.3 μg/m3 NO2: 31.87 μg/m3 CO: 20,145 μg/m3 HC: 753.25 μg/m3 SO2: 18.6 μg/m3 Pb: 1.31 μg/m3 CO: 17,830 μg/m3 HC: 447.2 μg/m3 SO2: 14.81 μg/m3 Pb: 1.3 μg/m3 Malioboro 1st Stage Malioboro 2nd Stage 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

  17. LESSONS LEARNED • Taking the first step! • Technically and socially acceptable proposal (may not be the 1st best option) • Creation of government technical team and improvement of in-house technical capacity • Identification of key stakeholders and social marketing • Communicating government proposal • Managing trust • Mitigating project risks • Starting with manageable project • Technical and management capability • Financial capacity • Working with NGO and Private Sector – Government can not work alone

  18. Thank you www.jogja.go.id

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