Functions of blood Production of RBC, WBC, Platelets Characteristics of blood cells Hemostasis

3. Functions of blood • Production of RBC, WBC, Platelets • Characteristics of blood cells • Hemostasis • Blood transfusion reactions • Immunity

4. Blood – Physical Characteristics • Volume • Adult ♂ 5-6L • Adult ♀ 4-5L • Viscosity 5 times the viscosity of water • pH 7.35 – 7.45 (slightly alkaline) • Color • (oxygenated blood) scarlet red • (deoxygenated blood) deep red

5. Whole Blood Plasma (46-63%) Formed Elements (37-54%) • Water (92%) • Plasma Proteins (7%) • Other Solutes (1%) • Red Blood Cells (99.9%) • Platelets • White Blood Cells (0.1%)

6. FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 1.Nutrient function 2.Transportation of gases 3.Excretory function 4.Transportation of hormones and enzymes 5.Regulation of water balance 6.Regulation of acid base balance 7.Regulation of body temp. 8.Storage function

7. 9. Defensive function

8. RBC have the ability to concentrate upto 34 gms in each 100 ml of cells • 1 gm of Hb combines with 1.34 ml of oxygen • Males 15 gms of Hb/100 ml of cells---20 ml of oxygen carried in 100 ml of cells • Females 14 gms of Hb/100 ml of cells---19 ml of oxygen carried in 100 ml of cells

9. Types of plasma proteins • Albumin 4.5 – 5 g/dl • Globulin 2.0 – 3 g/dl • 1 globulin • 2 globulin • 1 globulin • 2 globulin •  globulin • Fibrinogen 0.2 – 0.45 g/dl • Total amount = 6-8 g/dl

10. Nutrition • Plasma proteins break down to supply Amino acids for different cells of the body • Synthesized constantly by the liver • 10-12 grams of albumin turn over occurs in 24 hours

11. Viscosity • Plasma proteins contribute towards the viscosity of the blood.. • Excessive viscosity impedes the blood flow.

12. Osmoticpressure • 28 mm Hg osmotic pressure • Albumin contribute about 80 % of it • Most abundant • Smallest molecule • Hypoproteinemia results into generalized edema because of low osmotic pressure • Nephrotic syndrome

13. Carrierfunction • Albumin transports • Bilirubin • Hormones • Drugs • Thyroxin binding globulin and pre albumin carry thyroid hormone • Transcortin carries cortisol. • Lipoproteins carry lipids. • Ceruloplasmin carry copper • Transferrin carry iron • Haptoglobin binds with free hemoglobin

14. Bloodcoagulation • Most of the clotting factors are part of plasma proteins • Fibrinogen • Prothrombin • Labile factor • Stable factor • Christmas factor • Stuart Prower factor • Hageman factor • FSF

15. Bloodcoagulation • Anticoagulants • Heparin • Antithrombin

16. Bufferaction • The acceptance of H+ Ions is called buffer action. • 15 % buffering capacity of the blood • At pH 7.4 (normal pH) mostly negatively charged and can combine with cations.

17. Immunity • Antibodies are gamma globulins • Immunoglobulins • Ig G • Ig M • Ig A • Ig D • Ig E

18. Precursorsofactivesubstances • Some very important protein present in inactive form as part of plasma proteins • Activated for very important specific functions • Angiotensin • Erythropoietin

19. Enzymes • Many circulating enzymes are also part of plasma proteins • Alkaline phosphatase • Acid phosphatase • AST aspatate amino transferase • ALT alanine amino transferase

20. MCQ The normal concentration of RBCs in an adult female is a. 2,700,000/cubic mm b. 5000/cubic mm c. 5,200,000/cubic mm d. 4,700,000/cubic mm e. 30,000 / cubic mm

21. The diameter of a biconcave disc of RBC is a. 7-8 µ b. 1-2 µ c. 3-4 µ d. 12-14 µ

22. Thank-you Questions ??