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Blood Plasma/Serum Cells Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets

Blood Plasma/Serum Cells Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets. Blood A connective tissue (CT proper, cartilage, bone) About 5 quarts Constituents Plasma Cells. Plasma Serum + clotting proteins Serum 90% water 7% protein 0.9% inorganic salts Amino acids Vitamins Lipids Hormones

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Blood Plasma/Serum Cells Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets

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  1. Blood • Plasma/Serum • Cells • Erythrocytes • Leukocytes • Platelets

  2. Blood • A connective tissue (CT proper, cartilage, bone) • About 5 quarts • Constituents • Plasma • Cells

  3. Plasma • Serum + clotting proteins • Serum • 90% water • 7% protein • 0.9% inorganic salts • Amino acids • Vitamins • Lipids • Hormones • Sugars

  4. Formed Elements/Cells • Erythrocytes • Leukocytes • Cell fragments • = platelets • (thrombocytes)

  5. Erythrocytes Red blood cells = RBCs Transport oxygen via hemoglobin 7 micron diameter Biconcave disc Soft and flexible Can squeeze through capillaries, the smallest blood vessels

  6. Erythrocytes No nucleus, ER, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc. Cannot grow or divide 120 day lifespan Captured and destroyed by macrophages in spleen (and liver) when worn out

  7. Leukocytes • 4800-11000/mm3 • Granulocytes • Neutrophils – 65% • Eosinophils – 2% • Basophils – 0 to 1% • Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes – 30% • Monocytes – 2 %

  8. Neutrophils • Polymorphonuclear leukocytes • 12 micron diameter • lobulated nucleus, 2 to 5 lobes

  9. Neutrophils • 1st line of defense • - Granules contain enzyme (lysozyme) which can lyse bacterial cell walls • - Phagocytic: engulf and digest bacteria and small particles • - Chemotaxic • - Form pus when die after degranulation

  10. Eosinophils 9 micron diameter Bilobed nucleus

  11. Eosinophils - Granules contain enzyme which kill and destroy parasite infections - Increased in allergic situations - Phagocytic against antigen-antibody complexes

  12. Basophils 12 microns Large irregular nucleus

  13. Basophils - Granule contain histamine (as do mast cells) which increases capillary leakiness causing edema, facilitating movement of WBCs and proteins to site - Respond to antigen-antibody complexes - Chemotaxic to other granulocytes

  14. Lymphocytes 6 to 8 micron diameter Spherical nucleus

  15. Lymphocytes • Immune response • B cells - Differentiate into plasma cells which secrete antibodies • T cells - 80 to 90% circulating lymphocytes • Differentiate into killer cells, directly kill infected or foreign cells; helper cells

  16. Monocytes 9 to 12 microns Oval or U-shaped nucleus

  17. Monocytes Differentiate to macrophages in CT

  18. Platelets = thrombocytes Cell fragments 2 to 5 micron diameter

  19. Platelets Derived from megakaryocytes, large cells in bone marrow

  20. Platelets • Initiate blood clotting (thrombus) • Form plug = agglutination • Secrete a clotting factor, thromboplastin, initiating a clot • After clot forms, contract to tighten seal

  21. Table 18.1

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