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Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology

Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology. Under supervision of DR:NABIL HIGAZY. NAMES. HAGAR NASSER. WALAA KAMEL. ARWA AHMED. plasmid. A plasmid is a ring-shaped piece of DNA found in bacteria, fungi, and even some plants. Genes in a plasmid are split up into two categories :. Backbone Genes

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Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology

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  1. Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology Under supervision of DR:NABIL HIGAZY

  2. NAMES • HAGAR NASSER • WALAA KAMEL • ARWA AHMED

  3. plasmid • A plasmid is a ring-shaped piece of DNA found in bacteria, fungi, and even some plants. Genes in a plasmid are split up into two categories : Backbone Genes Accessory Genes

  4. plasmid technology • It is a process by which a plasmid is used to import recombinant DNA into a host cell for cloning.

  5. Paul berg • HerbertBoyer In 1972 In 1973 • Stanley Cohen Rudolf Jaenisch In 1974 • Robert Swanson In 1976

  6. Bacterial recombination 1.Remove bacterial DNA (plasmid). 2.Cut the Bacterial DNA with restriction enzymes. 3.Cut the DNA from another organism with restriction enzymes. 4.Combine the cut pieces of DNA together with another enzyme and insert them into bacteria. 5.Reproduce the recombinant bacteria. 6.The foreign genes will be expressed in the bacteria.

  7. Genetic engineering • transferring specific genes from the chromosome of one organism and transplanting them into the chromosome of another organism in such a way that they become a reproductive part of the new organism.

  8. Applications • Agriculture • Protect crops from insects: BT corn • corn produces a bacterial toxin that kills corn borer. (caterpillar pest of corn) • Extend growing season:fish berries • strawberries with an anti-freezing gene from flounder. • Improve quality of food: golden rice • rice producing vitamin A improves nutritional value. Other Examples of GMO field crops include Bt-potatoes, Bt-corn, Bt-sweet corn.

  9. Industrial transform microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast with a gene coding for a useful protein, such as an enzyme to express the desired protein.

  10. Medicine YES! • Can we mix genes from one creature to another? • Mixing genes for medicine… • Allowing organisms to produce new proteins • bacteria producing human insulin. • bacteria producing human growth hormone.

  11. Dolly • Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. • She was cloned by Ian Wilmut, she died from a progressive lung disease . • The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Dolly was taken from a mammary gland, and the production of a healthy clone therefore proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual.

  12. The cloning process that produced Dolly

  13. Genes in babies can be changed into desiredones. • By 2015 we will see more and more smart drugs. • By 2016 a very large portion of athletes will be using some form of genetic enhancement. • By 2015-2025 we are going to see first health-related genetic modifications. • By 2020 we will be controlling our metabolism artificially a lot usingsmart drugsand genetic therapies. • By 2025-2030 Kids born will be getting through their teenage phase ,modified using mind-enhancing drugs. • By 2030 most people will have the ability to design new organisms from scratch and change their own bodies.

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