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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. From DNA to RNA to Proteins. Genes. Sections of DNA that controls making of physical traits/proteins. Types of RNA. Messenger (mRNA)-carries protein making instructions from DNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- Part of the ribosome -Makes proteins .

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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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  1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS From DNA to RNA to Proteins

  2. Genes • Sections of DNA that controls making of physical traits/proteins

  3. Types of RNA • Messenger(mRNA)-carries protein making instructions from DNA. • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- Part of the ribosome-Makes proteins. • Transfer RNA (tRNA)- transfers amino acids (building blocks of proteins) to the ribosome to make a protein.

  4. DNA vs. RNA (differences) RNA Sugar (Ribose) Phosphate group Nitrogenous Bases A U=Uracil(Not “T”) G C Single Stranded Shorter DNA Sugar (Deoxyribose) Phosphate Group Nitogenous Bases A T=Thymine G C _Double Stranded Longer

  5. Protein Synthesis Overview • 2 Main Processes • Transcription-_DNA_ copied into mRNA (nucleus) • Translation-mRNA made intoproteins_ ________ (ribosomes in cytoplasm)

  6. Amino acid Protein Transcription! DNA Ribosome tRNA mRNA Translation!!!!

  7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztPkv7wc3yU • Transcription video

  8. Transcription • 1. DNA is unzipped (by RNA polymerase-enzyme) at a gene. “Promoter” initiates copying. • 2. ONE strand of the DNA template is transcribed (copied) into mRNA using complimentary base pairing. • 3. RNA polymerase reaches “termination Signal”/end of gene. Stops copying.

  9. Simulation • http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phbio/active_art/protein_synthesis/index.html

  10. Replication DNA TO DNA Transcription DNA to mRNA U A T A C G C G C G C G A T A T

  11. Transcribe the following DNA strands. ATTCGACG UAAGCUGC TTACCAGC AAUGGUCG TTAAAACG AAUUUUGC

  12. Codon • ___ consecutive _________ on ______ that specify _ particular amino acid.

  13. FLOW OF GENETIC INFO Genetic Trait-Blue eyes

  14. B A NUCLEUS C

  15. Translation Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38&feature=related

  16. Translation -- The decoding of mRNA into a protein Nuclear envelope Amino acid tRNA Polypeptide chain Cell membrane

  17. Transcription/translation video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo

  18. Translation Decode mRNA to Proteins

  19. Steps of Translation AUGCCGAUC • 1. The mRNA strand is broken into codons • (Codon- 3 bases that code for an amino acids.) Codon Break the mRNA strand into codons! AUGCCCGGGAAA

  20. Translation • 2.Ribosome reads the codons and translates them into amino acids. • How?? • Uses the Genetic Code • Match the first letter on the left • Match the second letter on the top • Match the third letter on the right • Ex: codon AUG • Amino Acid: Methionine

  21. What amino acid goes with the following codons: UGG- GAA- ACA- UAG- AGC- CAG-

  22. Example AUGCCCGGGAAA Met Pro Gly Lys

  23. Translate and write polypeptide (amino acid) chain DNA-AGGCGGAGGCGGG mRNA- Amino Acid-

  24. DNA STRAND (Transcribe, translate, amino acid)C C A T A G C A C G T T A C A A C G T G A A G G T A A

  25. 3.rRNAsends for the tRNA to bring the correct amino acids. • 4.The tRNA anticodons match up with the mRNAcodons • Ex: mRNA CUG -codon • t RNA GAC -anticodon brings the amino acid methionine attached to it. • 5.Amino acids are attached to each other making a protein, until a STOP codon is reached

  26. Translation continued • 6. Disassembly- Ribosome complex falls apart. Polypeptide chain (protein) is released.

  27. CYTOPLASM

  28. DNA:ACA TTG TAG CAT mRNA: AminoAcids: DNA: TTT TAC TGG CGC GTA mRNA: AminoAcids:

  29. Protein shape video-honors only • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a8yUYQ

  30. FLOW OF GENETIC INFO

  31. Protein Paths (Protein Synthesis) (p.83) • 1. Nucleus- DNA copied to RNA • 2. Ribosomes- RNA attaches to ribosomes (on ER) for protein synthesis. • 3. Protein leaves ER and goes to Golgi Apparatus • 4. Proteins modified/packaged in Golgi • 5. Vesicles release proteins out of cell through cell membrane

  32. A B C D

  33. Protein Paths (Protein Synthesis) (p.83) • 1. Nucleus- DNA copied to RNA • 2. Ribosomes/Rough ER- Synthesize Proteins (send to Golgi) • 3. Golgi Apparatus- modifies/packages/sends proteins • 4. Cell Membrane- carries proteins from Golgi (in vesicles) to be released from cell

  34. Path of Proteins-

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