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Successful and Unsuccessful Paths to Power, 1686-1740

Successful and Unsuccessful Paths to Power, 1686-1740. Chapter 15. Countries on the Decline at Some Point in the 17 th Century. Spain The Netherlands Poland Sweden Ottoman Empire. Countries on the Rise at Some Point in the 17 th Century. Britain France Austria Russia Prussia.

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Successful and Unsuccessful Paths to Power, 1686-1740

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  1. Successful and Unsuccessful Paths to Power, 1686-1740 Chapter 15

  2. Countries on the Decline at Some Point in the 17th Century • Spain • The Netherlands • Poland • Sweden • Ottoman Empire

  3. Countries on the Rise at Some Point in the 17th Century • Britain • France • Austria • Russia • Prussia

  4. “HOP RAP” • Holy Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, Poland Make way for…. • Russia, Austria and Prussia In Central and Eastern Europe

  5. Ascendant countries followed the lead of Louis XIV. Strong King + Strong military + Strong central govt = Dominant Nation • A strong king controls the military (for his benefit), the nobility (for his benefit), the bureaucracy,(for his benefit) the church (for his benefit) and directs the economy (for his benefit).

  6. Waning Countries • Unable to resist foreign or domestic threats • No central authority to control guilds, cities, or church. • No army • No strong monarch with the personality or energy to unite the nation.

  7. The Dutch Golden Age – 17th C • Rise to Power • United Provinces of the Netherlands rebel against SP. • Win formal independence in 1648 • Developed a republican form of govt.

  8. The Dutch Golden Age – 17th C • Religion • tolerant society • Predominantly Calvinst • Many other Protestant sects as well as Catholics • Haven for Jews • Was Dutch toleration due to its thriving international trade? Are there ways that the Dutch are considered tolerant today compared to other societies?

  9. The Dutch Golden Age – 17th C • Economics • Very urban society • Protestants work ethic • Highest per capita standard of living in Europe • Trade, manufacturing, shipbuilding, advanced financial system • Baltic grain trade • Efficient food production despite being a small country on low lying land • Dutch East India Company and Dutch colonies controlled the spice trade

  10. The Dutch Golden Age – 17th C • Art • Jan Vermeer • 17th C painter • Scenes of every day life, simplicity of Huguenot lifestyle, emphasis on secular and orderly themes.

  11. Girl With a Pearl Earring

  12. The Milkmaid

  13. The Astronomer

  14. The Music Lesson

  15. Girl With Wineglass

  16. Young Woman With a Jar

  17. Dutch Golden Age 17th C • Rembrandt van Rijn • 17th C Dutch • Baroque influence

  18. Self-Portrait

  19. Sampling Officials of the Drapers Guild Note the plain clothes and the vocation of the subjects. Perhaps a Calvinist influence?

  20. Portrait of an Old Jewish Man Notice the baroque influence. Colors are lighter than light and darker than dark.

  21. Anatomy Lecture of Nicolaes Tulp

  22. The Dutch Golden Age – 17th C • Science • Hans Lippershey – Inventor of telescope

  23. The Dutch Golden Age – 17th C • Science • Anton van Leewenhoek – inventor of microscope

  24. The Dutch Golden Age Advances in the arts and sciences would not have been possible without the wealth of generated through trade, shipping, and banking. Just as in other eras, wealth was used to patronize the arts and the sciences.

  25. The Decline of the Dutch Golden Age • Dutch lost shipbuilding superiority to British • Navigation Acts under Cromwell • Anglo-Dutch Wars • 1660-1665 • 1665-1667 • 1674-1678 (1688 William of Orange becomes English king) • Fishing/shipping/domestic industries became stagnant • Disunity and lack of strong leadership to drive business and exploration; hastened decline • Dutch banking remained strong and helped finance European trade

  26. Thought Question • Are there any similarities or differences between the rise and fall of Spain in the 16th C and the Netherlands in the 17th C?

  27. France • Renewed Authority of the Parlements • Courts dominated by the nobility • Could recognize or reject the legality of an act of the monarch • Reassert powers after Louis XIV dies. • Regent for Louis XV allowed Parlements to regain power

  28. England • Two major “parties” develop in Parliament in by the 18th C • Tories and Whigs • Very unresponsive to needs of the majority. • Represented the large landowners • Tories • Favor strong monarchy, low taxes and Anglican Ch. • Whigs • Favored monarchy working w/ a sovereign Parliament

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