A.P. European History Successful and Unsuccessful Paths to Power

1. A.P. European History Successful and Unsuccessful Paths to Power

2. Successful and Un-Successful Paths to Power The Maritime Powers 100 200 300 400 500 Ottoman Empire 100 200 300 400 500 Poland and Austria 100 200 300 400 500 Prussia 100 200 300 400 500 Russia 100 200 300 400 500

3. What was the Dutch East Indies Company? MAIN This was the company that had shares that were traded on the Bourse and controlled the Netherlands Sea-borne Empire and helped bring huge amounts of money to the Republic. SUBJECT:The Maritime Powers 500 400 300 200 100

4. What was the Mississippi Bubble Scandal? MAIN This was the scandal that took place in France that was manipulated by John Law, a Scottish gambler and mathematician, and implicated and bankrupted many of most influential people in the Kingdom. SUBJECT:The Maritime Powers 500 400 300 200 100

5. Who was Robert Walpole? MAIN He became Prime Minister after the South Sea Bubble scandal and remained in office by his support of the George I, and II and the patronage system. 500 400 300 SUBJECT:The Maritime Powers 200 100

6. Who was Cardinal Fleury? MAIN He was the advisor to Louis XV and was considered to be the last of the great clerical advisors to the French Kings who helped maintain the peace in France but was unable to solve the financial problems. SUBJECT:The Maritime Powers 500 400 300 200 100

7. What was the Tulip? MAIN This particular product or crop caused speculation in the Netherlands and eventually led to a scandal of sorts for the Dutch, by spending too much time and money to perfect this cash crop. SUBJECT:The Maritime Powers 500 400 300 200 100

8. What were millets? MAIN This was the administrative or religious community that the Ottoman sultan used to govern his vast and diverse empire. SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire 500 400 300 200 100

9. MAIN Who were the Dhimmis? These were the people in the Ottoman Empire that were not Muslims but were still tolerated and allowed to live in relative freedom in their communities after paying a poll tax. SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire 500 400 300 200 100

10. Who were the Janissaries? MAIN This was the name given to the troops of the Ottoman Empire often recruited from the young boys of the Christian communities on the Balkan Peninsula. SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire 500 400 300 200 100

11. Who was King John III Sobieski? MAIN This was the King of Poland who saved Vienna from an attack by the Ottoman Empire and resulted in the Sultan’s execution of the Ottoman General who waged the unsuccessful campaign. SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire 500 400 300 200 100

12. Who were the Ulama? MAIN These were the religious clerics and scholars who were consulted by Ottoman government officials before making decisions and became more conservative and reactionary as Europe modernized. SUBJECT: Ottoman Empire 500 400 300 200 100

13. What was the Pragmatic Sanction? MAIN This was the agreement that Charles VI of Austria had the rulers of Europe sign in order to allow his daughter to rule the Austrian Empire. Poland and Austria 500 400 300 200 100

14. Who was Leopold I of Austria ( Hapsburg)? MAIN He was the Austrian Emperor who was able to have his domains in Hungary recognized by the Ottoman Turks and resisted the power of Louis XIV as well as conquer most of the Balkan Peninsula and parts of Romania. Poland and Austria 500 400 300 200 100

15. What was the Liberum veto? MAIN This is what often kept the Polish Diet or Sejm from being effective or even creating any sort of government policy. Poland and Austria 500 400 300 200 100

16. What was the Treaty of Carlowitz? MAIN This was the Treaty that the Ottoman Turks signed with a League of European nations that opposed them consisting of Austria, Poland, Malta, Venice, Tuscany, and Russia in 1699? Poland and Austria 500 400 300 200 100

17. What was the Crown of St. Wenceslas in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Crown of St. Stephen in Hungary? MAIN These are the two crowns that Austria secured making them part of the Austrian Empire and yet also pointed out some of the problems of ruling a diverse religious, multinational and multicultural Kingdom. Poland and Austria 500 400 300 200 100

18. Who were the Junkers ? MAIN These were the nobles of Prussia who agreed to follow the Hohnezollern rule in exchange for absolute power over their serfs. SUBJECT: Prussia 500 400 300 200 100

19. Who was Frederick William I? MAIN Even though called the soldier king, he never truly had any wars during his reign…except for a small involvement in the Great Northern War. SUBJECT: Prussia 500 400 300 200 100

20. Who was Leopold I? MAIN This HRE gave Frederick III the title of King of Prussia. SUBJECT: Prussia 500 400 300 200 100

21. What was Silesia? MAIN This was the rich mining area of the Austrian Empire that was seized by Frederick II ( The Great) and started the War of the Austrian Succession. SUBJECT: Prussia 500 400 300 200 100

22. What was Pomerania? ( land of little yappy lapdogs) MAIN This was the German province that was partially lost to Sweden after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, but Prussia was compensated by receiving three new bishoprics and the arch-bishopric of Magdeburg when it became available. SUBJECT: Prussia 500 400 300 200 100

23. Who were the streltsy? MAIN These were the guards of the Moscow garrison who revolted and almost overthrew the weak Russian government in 1682. SUBJECT: Russia 500 400 300 200 100

24. Who was Peter the Great? MAIN This was the Russian Tsar who traveled to western Europe in order to learn shipbuilding expertise and military hardware in disguise as a poor 6’ 9” giant. ( hard to disguise that) SUBJECT: Russia 500 400 300 200 100

25. What was shave their beards, replace their fur hats and big robes and curved shoes? MAIN This is what Peter the Great encouraged nobles to do in order to look more western. (often by force). SUBJECT: Russia 500 400 300 200 100

26. What was the Great Northern War 1700-1721 ? MAIN This is the war that Peter the Great fought against Sweden in his drive to secure a port on the Baltic Sea. SUBJECT: Russia 500 400 300 200 100

27. What was the Table of Ranks? MAIN This was Peter the Great’s administrative reform that attempted to enlist state support of the Russian boyars and base a nobles social position on their service to the state. SUBJECT: Russia 500 400 300 200 100