Power Point Isolation to Involvement American Enters the War Please have 20 notes for credit.

1. Write a paragraph in response to the material presented here, include references (descriptions/explanations) to these primary sources in your writing.

2. 4/27/15 I can discuss important actions and people prior to Americans entry in World War II.I can discuss significant events and leaders involved in American motivation to enter World War II. • Power Point Isolation to InvolvementAmerican Enters the War • Please have 20 notes for credit. • In Modern World History read Pages 590 – 595 • In Modern World History page 595 respond to questions 1,2,4, 5 and 6

3. World War II was the mightiest struggle humankind has ever seen. It killed more people, cost more money, damaged more property, affected more people, and caused more far-reaching changes in nearly every country than any other war in history. The number of people killed, wounded, or missing between September 1939 and September 1945 can never be calculated, but it is estimated that more than 55 million people perished. The United States hoped to stay out. Drawing on its experience from World War I, Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1939, which were intended to prevent Americans becoming entangled with belligerents. Americans in general, however, while not wanting to fight the war, were definitely not neutral in their sympathies and the acts were manipulated, to the frustration of genuine isolationists, to lend more support to the Allies than the Axis. Isolation to InvolvementAmerican Enters the War

4. Roosevelt Opposes Aggression • Many Americans were shocked at the Japanese brutality toward the Chinese. • Roosevelt spoke against what the Japanese were doing. • Roosevelt’s solution was to form an informal alliance with peace loving nations

5. France and Britain made an alliance with Poland in case Hitler decided to attack them. • Hitler was more concerned about war with Soviet Union and didn’t want to fight on two fronts. • Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact- Aug. 23, 1939. Agreed not to attack one another and to divide Poland and recognize each others territorial ambitions.

6. September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland. • September 17, Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. • France and Britain declared war on Germany but did not help Poland. • By the end of September Poland was defeated.

7. Hitler Launches a Blitzkrieg Against Poland • GERMAN MILITARY TACTICS OR “LIGHTING WAR” • The key to blitzkrieg is … SURPRISE! • It is designed to attack many different targets with overwhelming numbers so as to simply devastate the enemy.

8. BLITZKREIG BLITZKRIEG Step One • Attack with the Luftwaffe (Airforce) • Fighters (air superiority) • Stuka (Dive bombers) • Bombers • Destroy Communications (radio…) • Destroy Transportation (bridges, RR) • Destroy Military Targets (bases, supply)

9. BLITZKREIG BLITZKRIEG Step Two • Next come the PANZERS (tanks) • Hitler’s military designers had developed extremely advanced tanks. • Their tanks were light years ahead. • Advance very quickly, and destroy any remaining targets that the Luftwaffe had left behind. (Comm, Trans, Military)

10. BLITZKREIG BLITZKRIEG Step Three • Finally come the infantry • They had been training for several years and these troops were VERY ready. • Hitler’s troops were already battle experienced b/c of the Spanish Civil War. • Their job was to MOP UP anything left.

11. BLITZKREIG BLITZKRIEG Conclusion • The Blitzkrieg was a style of battle, that had never been seen before. • It was extremely successful, it was so overwhelming that no one had a defense to it. • When other nations saw this attack they were not sure if Hitler was THAT good, or was Poland THAT bad……

12. Axis Powers • Germany • Italy • Japan • Allies • Britain • France • Soviet Union • China • United States

13. AXIS POWERS The goal of the Axis Powers was to rule the world….. The world would “rotate” around them. The Axis believed democratic nations were weak. And they would conquer them as a “knife slices through butter”.

14. AXIS POWERS BY 1942

15. France Falls to Axis Powers • April 9, 1940 Germany attacked Denmark and Norway • May 10, 1940 Hitler sent forces into Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. • These smaller nations did not stand a chance against Hitler’s powerful forces.

16. France • France set up Maginot Line along German border and had armies along Belgium border to defend off German forces. • German forces went through the Ardennes and was trying to push them to the English Channel and trap British and French Troops. • 338,000 British and French troops escaped to Britain

17. France • The armies escaped but the Germans took over Paris and forced the French to surrender. • France was broken into two parts. Northern France= Occupied by Germans Southern France= Unoccupied but still had to follow Nazi rules. • France fell to Germany in 35 days.

18. Britain THE BATTLE FOR BRITAIN • Hitler crushes France in June 1940 • Hitler’s last enemy was Great Britain, who along with France had been defeated at the battle of Dunkirk • Battle of Britain, largest air battle ever fought in the history of warfare. • July to November 1940 and was won by the Royal Air Force (RAF or British Air Force). • First major German loss in WWII and forced Hitler to change his strategy • British people fought for their country and a possible Nazi invasion (Operation Sea Lion). • Hitler wanted to gain air supremacy.

19. Now Britain Is All Alone! • Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Great Britain. • The “Lion of England”

20. Britain BATTLE OF BRITAIN

21. The Royal Air Force

22. Battle of Britain

23. Britain THE BATTLE FOR BRITAIN London’s Casualties 43,000 Killed 51,000 Seriously injured 88,000 Slightly injured • Nearly 500 (RAF) pilots and aircrew had been killed, 500 wounded and 915 aircraft were destroyed. • The once undefeated Luftwaffe (Nazis) had been beaten and lost 1733 aircraft and crews in the process. • Their immortality (RAF) was guaranteed when Churchill in a speech made on the 20th August said • "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few".

24. Winston Churchill Speeches • Winston Churchill – “The Lights are Going Out” – Oct. 16, 1938 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzwBpbwul4g • Winston Churchill: “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” June 4, 1940 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkTw3_PmKtc • Winston Churchill "finest hour" June 18, 1940 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4BVzYGeF0M • Winston Churchill Winston “….So Much Owed By So Many To So Few” August 20, 1940 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3VbOoCAYE0 • Winston Churchill "Give us the tools" February 9, 1941 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJuRv2ixGaM&list=PLfOGPpbMAz1EW0m93VpT2PsCHS-3jnjJn&index=18

25. Neutral AMERICAN NEUTRALITY • Americans wanted to remain neutral. • America First Committee • Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies • Feb. 21, 1940:If Germany is defeating England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler? Yes: 23% No 77%

26. AMERICAN NEUTRALITY Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World War?

27. Neutral NEUTRALITY ACTS • 1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries. • 1936: forbid loans to all belligerents • 1937: “Cash and Carry” principle: all nations must pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the goods in their own vessels

28. Neutral NEUTRALITY ACTS • 1939: prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of belligerent nations • 1940: Lend Lease program offered to Great Britain…. U.S. becomes the “arsenal of democracy” • FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for war…..

29. Send A Gun To Defend A British Home . Thousands of personal arms were collected and sent to England, one of which was a .30-'06 Model 1903 target rifle owned by Major John W. Hession. The rifle, unlike the majority sent, was returned and can now be viewed in the national Firearms Museum. The U.S. Government responded to Britain's peril as well with passage of the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941. Almost immediately, quantities of "U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1" were on their way across the Atlantic. Winston Churchill wrote: "When the ships from America approached our shores with their priceless arms, special trains were waiting in all ports to receive their cargoes. The Home Guard in every county, in every village, sat up through the night to receive them. ... By the end of July we were an armed nation ... ."' "We shall fight them on the beaches, we shall fight them on the landing grounds, we shall fight them in the fields and the streets, we shall fight them in the hills- "We shall never surrendah!" And they say as the broadcast was momentarily interrupted by applause, Winston Churchill turned sadly and angrily away from the mike and said: "But I do not know what we shall fight them with ...

30. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:The Tripartite Pact--Sept., 1940

31. Movement Toward War • Selective Service Act- 1940 Provided 1.2 million troops trained and 800,000 reserve troops a year. • FDR gave Britain 50 WWI battleships in exchange for 8 British defense bases. • Britain needed the battleships to convoy goods across the Atlantic.

32. Lend Lease Gives Aid to Allies • Lend-Lease Act- Authorized FDR to sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of materials to any government when he thought it was in the best interest of his country. • By 1945 the U.S. had given more than $40 billion of aid to the Allies. • Economic declaration of war against the Axis Powers

33. Atlantic Charter August 14, 1941 • Atlantic Charter- Document that endorsed national self –determination and an international system of general security. • This happened in a meeting with FDR and Prime Minister of Britain Winston Churchill.

34. The eight principal points of the Charter were: • no territorial gains were to be sought by the United States or the United Kingdom; • territorial adjustments must be in accord with the wishes of the peoples concerned; • all people had a right to self-determination; • trade barriers were to be lowered; • there was to be global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare; • the participants would work for a world free of want and fear; • the participants would work for freedom of the seas; • there was to be disarmament of aggressor nations, and a post-war common disarmament.

35. U Boat Battle • Fall of 1941 German U Boats attacked American Ships. • The attacks killed more that 100 Americans. • Americans were angered and this moved them more into a position of declaring war on Germany.

36. Pearl Harbor • Pearl Harbor Attacked (1941) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqNY88Amuz 3:00 minutes • The Attack On Pearl Harbor - December 7, 1941 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1kixqRwvK0 6:21 minutes • FDR DECLARES WAR (12/8/41) - Franklin Delano Roosevelt , Infamy Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhtuMrMVJDk 8:00 minutes

37. Reaction After learning that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor, thus ensuring that the United States would enter World War II, Prime Minister Winston Churchill breathed a sigh of relief. "Hitler's fate was sealed," he would later recall. "Mussolini's fate was sealed. As for the Japanese, they would be ground to powder. All the rest was merely the proper application of overwhelming force."

38. 4/27/15 I can discuss important actions and people prior to Americans entry in World War II.I can discuss significant events and leaders involved in American motivation to enter World War II. • Power Point Isolation to InvolvementAmerican Enters the War • Please have 20 notes for credit. • In Modern World History read Pages 590 – 595 • In Modern World History page 595 respond to questions 1,2,4, 5 and 6