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America Enters the War

America Enters the War. Section 23.3. Objectives. Explain the reasons why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale. Reasons for the Attack. US places embargo on Japan

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America Enters the War

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  1. America Enters the War Section 23.3

  2. Objectives Explain the reasons why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale

  3. Reasons for the Attack • US places embargo on Japan • Stopping trade on oil, iron ore, fuel, steel and rubber • Hideki Tojo became Japanese Minister of War

  4. Reasons for the Attack • United States ultimate position on Japanese expansion – NOV 26, 1941 • Withdraw troops from Indo-China and China • Accept Chaing Kai-Shek as leader of China • Remove Japan from Tripartite Pact • This position undermined Japanese power greatly

  5. Planning the Attack • Admiral Yamamoto planned the attack • Opposed the Tripartite Pact • Vice Admiral Nagumo commanded the attack on Pearl Harbor

  6. Results of the Attack • 2500 people killed • 8 battleships severely damaged • 3 destroyers left unusable • 3 light cruisers damaged • 160 aircraft destroyed • 128 damaged • Aircraft carriers were out at sea on a training mission. All were left intact

  7. Declaration of War • Congress votes 388 to 1 to declare war on Japan • Because of the Tripartite Pact, Hitler and Mussolini declare war on the US • At this point in the war Hitler is fighting Britain in the west, Soviet Union in the East and has now declared war on the United States.

  8. Japanese Run Free With the American fleet in the Pacific severely crippled, Japan has free reign in the pacific. Japan takes Guam, Wake Island and Hong Kong Japanese invade the Philippines

  9. US Forces Overwhelmed • General Douglas MacArthur • Commander of US forces in the Philippines • Forced to retreat from Manila to Corregidor Island

  10. Bataan Death March • MacArthur was ordered to evacuate to Australia • Forces on Corregidor Island dug in and fought for 5 months • May 1942 – 75,000 Allied soldiers surrendered. • American Prisoners of War were forced to march 55 miles to reach a railway and then forced to march another 8 miles

  11. Bataan Death March 9,300 Americans and 45,000 Filipinos arrived in camp after the Death March Approximately 7,000 Filipino troops died and 1,000 American POW’s died on the march

  12. America Strikes Back • Doolittle Raid – April 1942 • Goal was to “Bring the war home to the Japanese” • 16 B-25 bombers sent to Tokyo on a bombing mission • Proved a minimal military gain, but the attack boosted American morale as well as threatened the safety of the Japanese Emperor. • Out of the 80 soldiers who volunteered, 71 made it home

  13. Battle of Coral Sea • May 1942 – Japanese and American aircraft carriers engaged in battle • First fight in the sea that enemy ships never sighted each other • Exclusively an air battle • Forced the Japanese to call off their attack on New Guinea • Marked a shift in momentum for the war in the Pacific

  14. Objectives Explain the reasons why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale

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