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Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking. Louisa Robinson & Amy Rowlands. EDRE 623 Assessment 1. What is it?. Human Trafficking. Why does it happen?. Who profits from this?. How do we know about this?. What can we do? Should we act? Why? How? . The Big Questions …. Why does it happen?.

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Human Trafficking

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  1. Human Trafficking Louisa Robinson & Amy Rowlands EDRE 623 Assessment 1

  2. What is it? Human Trafficking Why does it happen? Who profits from this? How do we know about this? What can we do? Should we act? Why? How?

  3. The Big Questions … Why does it happen? How do we know about this? Human Trafficking What difference does it make to our lives? Should it? Why? Why is there a market? Who profits from this? Where do the victims come from? What are their stories? What is it? Where are they sent to? What happens to traffickers if they’re caught? What countries are involved? Is Australia involved? How? Which governments are responding? Should they? Are they? How? Is it a ‘lesser evil’ for some people compared to their ordinary lives? Who else is connected? What humanitarian groups are involved? What can we do? Should we act? Why? How?

  4. What is Human Trafficking? “Human Trafficking is a crime against humanity. It involves the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harbouringor receiving a vulnerable person through a use of force, coercion or other means for the purpose of exploiting them.” United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime, 2012 United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime definition

  5. Forms of Human Trafficking Exploitation includes but is not limited to: • Sexual exploitation • Forced agricultural labour • Domestic & industrial labour • Child soldiers • Slavery • Servitude or the removal of organs

  6. How does it happen? There are 3 constituent elements to Human Trafficking United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime, 2012

  7. Where is it happening? Human Trafficking is a global problem

  8. Media coverage of Human Trafficking within Australia According to the Australian Federal Police… Australia’s Involvement • Since 2003: • 305 investigations and assessments into Human Trafficking have been made • There have been 184 victims rescued • 70 % of cases involved women in ‘Sexual Servitude’ • Commander Chris McDeritt , AFP Human Trafficking Unit Herald Sun article 4 Corners Episode The Age Article

  9. Traffickers target vulnerable members of communities • Vulnerabilities include: • Absolute and relative poverty • Lack of employment opportunities • Lack of education and life skills • Dysfunctional family situations • World Vision Australia, 2012 Who are the victims?

  10. Women and Human Trafficking • Victims are not limited to a particular race, age or gender; however women are often targeted due to their position of subordination within certain societies.

  11. Human Trafficking is based on the principles of supply and demand Why does it occur? Human trafficking occurs not only due to people’s vulnerabilities but also societies demand for cheap labour and services.

  12. Human Trafficking is a market driven criminal industry Why does it flourish? Human Trafficking is currently perceived as low risk to traffickers. There is little deterrence for those involved in the criminal operations. Consumers are willing to buy goods and services from industries that rely on forced labour, they create a profit incentive for labour traffickers to maximise revenue with minimal production costs. Polaris Project, 2010

  13. Economic pressures often see consumers seeking ‘the best price’ for their goods and services. The lack of awareness surrounding the issue of human trafficking often prevents the consumer from knowing the ‘true’ price they are paying. Unfortunately consumers often unknowingly provide the demand as well as the profit incentive to the traffickers. Through informed changes in purchasing choices, consumers have the power to reduce the demand for human trafficking. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOr6jViUhMc The Role of the Consumer A provocative Australian campaign questioning WHY human trafficking is possible and the role of the consumer

  14. Industries Involved in Human Trafficking • Agriculture • Horticulture • Construction • Garments and Textiles • Food Processing • Health Care Services • Contract Cleaning • Catering and Restaurants • Domestic Work • Entertainment • Sex Industry United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2012

  15. Maria was taken from her hometown in Mexico at the age of 15, with promises of a well-paying job as a housekeeper for a family in California. Instead, the same woman who offered her the job sold her into slavery to a single, white older male for $200. For five long years she was raped and beaten. She was forced to clean 18 to 20 hours a day while her “boss” dug her own grave, reminding her of what would happen if she tried to escape. After five years, she was freed when her boss was killed by another man. That is, she thought she was finally free, only to learn that she was to be held responsible for his death. Maria served more than 22 years in prison for a crime she did not commit. Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking, Survivor Stories Retrieved from website Maria

  16. do Roghini At the age of just 13, Roghini was taken out of school and forced into bonded labour to repay a family debt. It all began when Roghini's sister became betrothed. To pay for the dowry her parents took out a loan of $50 and Roghini was 'mortgaged' to a family who made matchboxes in their home. For a gruelling 11 hours every day, Roghini would sit cross-legged to fold and glue matchboxes. For every 1,500 matchboxes she made, Roghini would be ‘paid’ 30 cents. Of course, this was nowhere near enough money to buy food, let alone repay the debt, so often she went hungry. Along with Roghini, 20 other children, mostly girls, worked glueing matchboxes in that dark, airless room. The man of the house often threatened and shouted at the girls, using obscene language that would leave them feeling worthless and humiliated. Not surprisingly, Roghini became so depressed by her situation that she tried to take her own life. From her point of view, there was no escape from the endless work, no hope of ever going to school again and no time for fun or play. It all added up to an incredibly bleak future.

  17. At just 15, Sophea was sold into sexual slavery and forced to take drugs that made her an addict. It was a year before she found a means of escape. Her fiance's mother told her there was a great job that paid 3,000 baht (around A$120) a month, so Sophea agreed to try it out. Soon after, she was taken to the Thai border and delivered straight into the waiting clutches of brothel owners. She was forced to have sex with customers repeatedly or be beaten. Instead of being paid she was forced to take drugs, gradually becoming addicted. The torment she suffered is barely imaginable. Sophea believed that the woman who had left her would eventually come to her rescue. She waited a whole year. No-one came. One day, she plucked up the courage to escape and called her grandmother who then notified the police. Retreived from World Vision Australia website Sophea

  18. Promotional video from coalition of musicians and celebrities campaigning about Human Trafficking: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZTN0TbsRYA

  19. do The BIG Issues Are consumers creating a ‘market’ for human trafficking? Is human trafficking a ‘lesser evil’ than the life the victim was already living? If and when ‘rescued’ what happens to victims...are they back on the streets? How do we prevent people becoming vulnerable to traffickers? Who has the power to change legislation and make trafficking less lucrative and profitable? Are issues of humanity as important as economic issues to Governments? What value do we place on the lives of the victims? Are we too far removed to want to make a difference? How do we raise awareness?

  20. Government Responses United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, 2012

  21. http://projectrespect.org.au/our_work/trafficking Initiatives and Organisationsinvolved in Raising Awareness of Human Trafficking http://www.ungift.org/knowledgehub/ http://acrath.org.au/ http://www.amnesty.org.au/refugees/comments/20601/ http://catwa.org.au/

  22. References ABC Four Corners (6/10/11) ‘Sex Slavery in Australia” http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2011/10/06/3333668.htm Australian Federal Police (AFP) 2012 http://www.afp.gov.au/policing/human-trafficking.aspx Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trading, http://www.castla.org/homepage Polaris Project : For a World without Poverty http://www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/overview/why-trafficking-exists The Age (17/5/2008) http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2008/05/16/1210765176472.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2012) http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking.html?ref=menuside United Nations Global Report on Trafficking in Human Persons (2009) World Vision Australia (2010) http://www.worldvision.com.au/Issues/Human_Trafficking___Slavery/Why_is_it_happening_/Roghini__a_story_of_bonded_labour.aspx

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