Attacks on Civil Liberties In the 1920’s

1. Attacks on Civil Liberties In the 1920’s

3. Pair-Share: • Congress shall make no law…abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press” (First Amendment 1791) • What do you think this statement means? • What is the difference between civil liberties and civil rights?

4. The listing of the general rights of the people can be found in the first ten amendments in the Constitution, also known as the Bill of Rights. • The term civil rights is sometimes reserved for those positive acts of governmentthat seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people. • In general, civil liberties are protections against government. • They are guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from arbitrary acts of government.

5. CA Standard 11.5.2 • Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey's "back-to-Africa" movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotasand the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks.

6. Objective • Students will be able analyze the events that prompted the attacks on Civil Liberties by creating and answering diverse levels of questions.

7. Essential Question What events, interests, and philosophies prompted attacks on civil liberties during the 1920’s?

8. Key Words • Nativism • To be in favor of Native born (white) Americans • Red Scare • Red symbolized Communism • Fear of Communism in America • Birth of a Nation • Popular movie which promoted the superiority of the white race

9. Film Clip: Post War Intolerance How were civil liberties violated during the 1920’s?

10. Post-War Victory Parade

11. Image #1 Level 1 Question________________________________

12. National Origins Act of 1924 • Background: 1 million immigrants entered the U.S. from 1900-1914 • The new law allowed only 150,000 immigrants a year into the US every year • It also favored immigrants from Northwestern Europe (England, Ireland, and Germany,) • Immigrants from Asia and Africa were not allowed into the U.S. • Purpose of Act: To discriminate against CERTAIN immigrants

13. How were civil liberties suspended?

14. Image #2 Level 2 Question________________________________

15. Ku Klux Klan • Rose to power in the 1920’s • Estimated 4 million members • In favor of “nativism” (White Americans) • Purpose: racism towards African Americans, anti-Jews, anti-immigrants

16. Film clip: Nativism & KKK How did the KKK take away people’s civil liberties?

17. The Ku Klux Klan Pair-Share: Why do you think the KKK grew in membership during the 1920’s?

18. The Ku Klux Klan Why do you think the KKK wore the uniforms they did? Why do you think some of them wore masks?

19. Lynching

20. “Strange Fruit” Lyrics • Southern trees bear a strange fruit • Blood on the leaves, and blood at the root • Black bodies swingin’ in the southern breeze • Strange fruit hangin’ from the poplar trees • Oh, oh, oh • Pastoral scene of the gallant south • Of the bulgin’ eyes and the twisted mouth • Scent of magnolia, sweet and fresh • And the sudden smell of burning flesh • Here is a fruit for the crows to cluck • For the rain to gather and for the wind to suck • Fro the sun to rot, for the trees to drop • Oh, here is a strange and bitter crop • Oh, here is a strange and bitter crop

21. Song: “Strange Fruit” • What is the mood of the song? • How does the song make you feel? • What is the “strange fruit” the song speaks of? • How does this song describe the horrors of lynchings? • What do you think those involved in writing and performing this song hoped to accomplish? • Do you think their goals were realized in the 1920’s?

22. How were civil liberties suspended?

23. Image #3 Level 1 Question________________________________

24. Sacco and Vanzetti • Background: Sacco and Vanzetti were Italian, Catholic, anarchist immigrants accused of murder • They did not receive a fair trial, judge was biased against immigrants • Sacco and Vanzetti were executed • Purpose: Symbol of distrust for immigrants

25. Sacco and Vanzetti

26. Film Clip: Sacco and Vanzetti What was a major reason why many people feared foreigners in the 1920’s?

27. How were civil liberties suspended?

28. Image #4 Level 2 Question________________________________

29. Pair-Share • Describe what you see in this cartoon. • What is the topic of this cartoon? • What is the author’s opinion expressed in this cartoon?

30. TheScopes Trial • The Scopes Trial was fought over teaching evolution in schools. • Evolution in public schools used to be illegal • ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) hired Clarence Darrow to defend Johns Scope and his ability to teach evolution. • Scopes was found guilty by William Jennings Bryan and evolution remained illegal in schools.

31. The Scopes Trial

32. Film Clip: The Monkey Trial Why do you think the jury in this case sided with the Fundamentalist Christians?

33. Pair-Share • Describe what you see in this cartoon. • What labels do you see and what do they mean? • Who does the title refer to? • What is the author trying to express?

34. Image #5 Level 3 Question________________________________

35. Palmer Raids • Background: Fear that communism would spread to America and overthrow democracy • Mitchell Palmer arrested 10,000 people (mostly immigrants) who were suspected of being communists • People who were arrested were denied basic rights under the Bill of Rights and were deported

36. Put Them Out and Keep Them OutLiterary Digest, 10/25/19.Originally from the Philadelphia Inquirer (Morgan).political cartoon • Pair-Share • Describe what you see in this cartoon. • What labels do you see and what do they mean? • Who does the title refer to? • What were most Americans in fear of in the 1920’s? Why?

37. How were civil liberties suspended?

38. Wrap-Up What do you think American’s will do in response to the attack on civil liberties? • Homework: As you review your lecture notes, create pictures to represent each event.