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Tire Tech 101

Tire Tech 101. What is a tire made of. What percent of a tire is rubber? What is a pneumatic tire? What is the difference between radial & bias ply tires ? Why are tires black?. Raw Rubber Steel Nylon Polyester Rayon. Carbon Black Synthetic Rubber Fiberglass Aramid Brass.

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Tire Tech 101

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  1. Tire Tech 101 • What is a tire made of. • What percent of a tire is rubber? • What is a pneumatic tire? • What is the difference between radial & bias ply tires ? • Why are tires black?

  2. Raw Rubber Steel Nylon Polyester Rayon Carbon Black Synthetic Rubber Fiberglass Aramid Brass Actual components that go into a tire.

  3. What percent of a tire is rubber? • By weight, give or take 30% • By volume, quite a bite more.

  4. What Is Pneumatic Tire? • Filled by air, especially compressed air: a pneumatic tire (dictionary definition). • All tires manufactured today are considered Pneumatic tires.

  5. Who Invented The First Tire? • It was invented in 1888, by John Dunlop. • This would be the end of the solid tire.

  6. Why are Tires Black? • To protect the rubber from the harmful UV rays. • A common type of UV stabilizer called a competitive absorber is added to capture and absorb these harmful UV light wave energy.

  7. A bias ply tire has plies running at an angle from bead to bead. The cord angle is also reversed from ply to ply. Tread is bonded directly to the top ply. Bias Ply Tire

  8. Belted Bias Tire • Is a bias tire with belts added to increase tread stiffness. • These belts are also ran at a different angle. • These belts only lie on the tread area and not on the side walls, like cords.

  9. Radial Ply Tire • Has plies running straight across from bead to bead with stabilizer belts lying directly beneath the tread. • This results in the radial having flexible side wall, but a stiff tread.

  10. Tire Sidewall

  11. Tire Sidewall

  12. Tire Size

  13. If you switch tire size on a car you can mess up the speedometer to figure out how close you are do the math to figure out the diameter. For a 205/75R15 tire it would look like this 205 X .75 x 2 ÷ 25.4 + 15= 27.106 Tire size X Aspect ratio X 2 ÷ 25.4 + Rim size 100 Tire Size

  14. Aspect Ratio Percentage of tires height in relation to it’s width A 60 series tire height will be 60% of the width. The aspect ratio can be a 40,50, 60,65,70,75,78 These are some of the most common ones.

  15. TIRE GRADING TREAD WEAR, assigned a number, 150 will give you 50% more wear then one ranked 100 TRACTION - A, B, C (A Highest rating) TEMPERATURE - A, B, C,

  16. Effects of low tire pressure Overinflation

  17. Effects of low tire pressure Underinflation

  18. Effects of speed on a tire Tires are tested under Laboratory conditions they are not worn out, are properly inflated, not over loaded, damaged or altered. Just because they have a speed rating does not mean the car is safe to drive at those speeds

  19. Speed Rating Rating Maximum Speed Q 99 mph S 112 mph T 118 mph U 124 mph H 130 mph V 149 mph W 168 mph Y 186 mph Z Above 149 mph from goodyear

  20. Separations Bulges sidewall separations tread tearing, chunking shoulder cracking Sidewall cracking Weather cracking Breaks in sidewall/tread Excessive radial runout diameter Excessive lateral runout width Conicity not level accross tread cone shaped Tire Defects

  21. Tire Defects

  22. Tire Defects

  23. Tire Defects

  24. Tire Defects

  25. Tire Defects

  26. Tire Defects

  27. Tire Defects

  28. Tire Defects

  29. Tire Defects

  30. Tire Defects

  31. Wheels • steel \ cast • Off set • Bump steer • Scrub Radius • note pages C 311- 313

  32. Static balance • C 77 • Equals wheel tramp

  33. Dynamic balance • C- 78 • equals wobble

  34. Dynamic balance • C- 78 • equals wobble

  35. For more information go to

  36. The End for this tire

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