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WWI and the 1920s

WWI and the 1920s. Vocabulary. Ally: A country that agrees to help another country achieve a common goal. War bond: A low-interest loan by civilians to the government. Patriotism: Love or devotion for one’s country.

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WWI and the 1920s

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  1. WWI and the 1920s

  2. Vocabulary • Ally: A country that agrees to help another country achieve a common goal. • War bond: A low-interest loan by civilians to the government. • Patriotism: Love or devotion for one’s country. • Draft: A government call for registered citizens to engage in active military service

  3. U.S.-Mexico Conflict • 1910- Revolution begins in MX because citizens had grown tired of their poor living conditions. • During revolution Francisco “Pancho” Villa is angered that U.S. does not recognize him as leader. • Villa begins raiding and killing U.S. citizens across the border (1911-1918) • Gen. John J. Pershing sent to capture Villa in Mexico • Angered by U.S. invasion, Mexicans help hide Villa • 1918 – Mexican government strikes a deal with Villa to stop his raids.

  4. Start of WWI • Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in Bosnia by a secret society known as the Black Hand. (June 28, 1914) • WWI begins on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

  5. Triple Entente (Allies) • France, Great Britain, and Russia. Also Italy, Serbia, Belgium and several other countries. • The U.S. will join in 1917.

  6. Triple Alliance (Central Powers) • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. • http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ottoman-empire-1580.gif

  7. Main Factors U.S. enters WWI • May 7, 1915: A British passenger ship was sunk off the coast of Ireland by a German U-Boat. About 1,200 people died including 128 Americans. • The sinking of the Lusitania outraged Americans • U-Boats (Underwater Boats): German submarines

  8. Main Factors U.S. enters WWI • Zimmerman Telegram: Sent by Foreign Secretary of Germany, Arthur Zimmerman, in January of 1917 to Mexico. • Germany was asking Mexico to join them and fight against the U.S. • In return Germany would help Mexico regain land that they lost in the Mexican Cession (Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona) • Telegram intercepted by the British.

  9. U.S. enters WWI • President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for permission to go to war on April 2, 1917. • U.S. Congress officially declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. • The U.S. joined the Allies.

  10. Texans in WWI • Nearly 198,000 Texans served in the armed forces including about 450 nurses. • By 1918 nearly 5,000 Texans had died. • Many military training camps were started in TX. • The largest aviation training center in the U.S. was established at Kelly Field in San Antonio.

  11. End of WWI • Fighting ended in WWI on November 11, 1918, when Germany signed an armistice with the Allies. (11th hour, 11th day of the 11th month) • Armistice: a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms (agreement to stop all fighting) • Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed by Germany with the Allies on June 28, 1919 to end the war. • 8-10 million soldiers were killed.

  12. Armistice Day/Veterans Day • First Armistice Day: November 11, 1919. • Changed to a federal holiday in 1938. • In 1954 it was changed to Veteran’s Day by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

  13. Problems with Prohibition • The prohibition period lasted for about 13 years until it was ended in 1933 with the 21st amendment. • The 21st amendment (ended prohibition) repealed the 18th amendment which banned the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcohol.

  14. Intolerance on the Rise • Intolerance: An unwillingness to accept different people, ideas, or behaviors. • The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) declared that its postwar goals were to preserve patriotism and moral behavior. • Its members openly opposed Catholics, Jews, African Americans, and Hispanics. • The KKK grew to 100,000 members and had elected members to important offices in TX and the U.S.

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