The 1920s and 1930s

1. The 1920s and 1930s

2. Let’s Play Final Challenge Roaring 20s Age of Conservatism Great Depression The New Deal Grab Bag 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

3. Roaring Twenties for 100 • Give one reason why the American economy grew so rapidly in the 1920s? 100 • Americans cashed in victory bonds from World War I • Credit & Installment Buying • New consumer goods became available • Low regulation & laissez-faire made it cheap to do business

4. Roaring Twenties for 200 • Name one way that the automobile influenced American society OR the economy in the 1920s. 200 • People went on Sunday drives instead of going to church. • Young men & women had more freedom from their parents. • Suburbanization increases. • Car related industries & businesses expand (Ex. sheet metal, rubber, glass, restaurants, garages, etc.) • Ford paid his workers well… improved conditions for workers • Some people bought cars on credit when they really couldn’t afford them

5. Roaring Twenties for 300 • How did some women challenge traditional behavioral norms in the 1920s? 300 The “New Woman” or “flapper” became the ideal of style. Some women wore pants, showed skin, drank alcohol, smoked, swore, had sex before marriage, etc.

6. Roaring Twenties for 400 • What was the Harlem Renaissance? AND What factors caused it? 400 • Harlem Renaissance: The outpouring of African-American art, literature & music in the 1920s • Causes: • The Great Migration helped spread ideas & culture • Wealthy white patrons provided money for African-American authors, artists, & musicians

7. Roaring Twenties for 500 • Name two ways that advertising changed in the 1920s? 500 • Companies used “branding” to sell products. • Psychologists helped advertisers • Advertisers used celebrities like Babe Ruth to endorse their products.

8. Age of Conservatism for 100 • Name one event that demonstrated the importance of Christian Fundamentalism in the 1920s. 100 • The Scopes “Monkey” Trial in which a teacher was convicted for teaching evolution in Tennessee • The rise of radio evangelists (preachers) like Billy Sunday

9. Age of Conservatism for 200 • Why was the 18th Amendment enacted? 200 • The 18th Amendment prohibited the production, distribution or consumption of alcohol. • Christian Fundamentalists thought alcohol was evil • Groups like the Women’s Christian Temperance Union thought it led to domestic violence & wasted a family’s money • During World War I, saving grain was seen as patriotic

10. Age of Conservatism for 300 • Give one example of Nativism in the 1920s? 300 • Nativism = Anti-Immigrant Feeling • The Quota Acts (National Origins Act) limited immigration, and especially discriminated against the “new immigrants” from southern and eastern Europe. • Membership in the Ku Klux Klan soared in the North. • Italian Immigrants Sacco & Vanzetti were executed for murder despite weak evidence against them.

11. Age of Conservatism for 400 • What did the Palmer Raids, the deportation of radical immigrants, and the trial of Sacco & Vanzetti have in common? 400 All are arguably examples of the Red Scare (the fear of Communism and other radical ideologies after the 1917 Russian Revolution)

12. Age of Conservatism for 500 • Describe the policies of Presidents Harding and Coolidge. 500 Both were Republicans who favored low taxation, low government spending, and a laissez-faire approach to managing the economy.

13. Great Depression for 100 • Which group was left out of most of the economic prosperity of the 1920s? 100 Farmers generally saw crop prices decline after World War I.

14. Great Depression for 200 • Name one reasons why stock prices were able to go so high in the 1920s. 200 • Rising stock prices were caused by… • Ease of credit (buying “on margin”) • Lack of accurate information about the true value of companies the stock represented. • Psychology of expansion caused by the belief that the market could rise forever.

15. Great Depression for 300 • How did President Hoover respond to the Great Depression? 300 Hoover did little because he did not believe it was the proper role of the federal government. He called on Americans to solve their own problems through “self-reliance.”

16. Great Depression for 400 • How did the problems in the stock market spread to the banking sector? 400 Because many stocks were purchased “on margin” (with loans), banks lost money. As a result, some banks could not pay back depositors, which led to “Bank Runs” in which masses of people rushed to banks to demand their money.

17. Great Depression for 500 • Why did demand for American goods drop off so dramatically in the late 1920s? 500 Domestic demand began to drop after Americans had already purchased much of want they needed. Foreign demand dropped off when American investors stopped lending money to Europeans (who then could not afford to buy American goods).

18. New Deal for 100 • Why was Franklin D. Roosevelt correct when he stated that Americans had “nothing to fear but fear itself.” 100 Fear was literally making the economy worse when panic led people irrationally sell stock, pull all their money out of the bank, or hoard cash rather than spend it.

19. New Deal for 200 • How did Franklin D. Roosevelt help stabilize the banking industry? (Give two ways.) 200 The Federal Emergency Banking Relief Act declared a “Bank Holiday” during which banks would close. They could only be re-opened after government inspectors declared them safe. The FDIC began insuring bank deposits. This helped prevent future “bank runs.”

20. New Deal for 300 • Name TWO New Deal programs that helped create jobs? 300 • CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) • WPA (Works Progress Administration) • TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

21. New Deal for 400 • What did NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) do? 400 It set codes for various industries, setting prices, wages, and other conditions of production.

22. New Deal for 500 • How did the New Deal change American politics? 500 The Democratic Party ended up getting support from the following groups: workers (exp. Union members), farmers, African-Americans & other ethnic minorities, and southern whites… This gave the party an advantage in elections for the next 30-40 years.

23. Grab Bag for 100 • What were the three R’s of the New Deal? 100 • Relief: Helping people survive the depression. • Recovery: Ending the current depression faster. • Reform: Preventing future depressions.

24. Grab Bag for 200 • What was the Teapot Dome Scandal about? 200 Under President Harding… The Secretary of Interior took bribes from Mammouth Oil company in exchange for allowing them to extract oil from government land.

25. Grab Bag for 300 • Name two writers of the Harlem Renaissance. 300 • Langston Hughes • Claude McKay • Zora Neale Hurston • Countee Cullen • And many others…

26. Grab Bag for 400 • What did the Supreme Court rule in the case Schecter Poultry Corporation v. U.S. 400 • The Executive branch had drawn too much power to itself when it set industrial codes under the National Industrial Recovery Act. • Consequently, NIRA was unconstitutional.

27. Grab Bag for 500 • How did Franklin D. Roosevelt try to get around the Supreme Court? 500 He wanted to “pack” the court with supporters by getting Congress to expand the number of justices that could serve on the Supreme Court.

28. Final Challenge End Game • What was the “Lost Generation?” What themes appeared in Lost Generation literature. AND Name one author that belonged to this group. Write Your Final Challenge Wager • Lost Generation: Group of American writers who lived abroad in the 1920s and wrote literature • Their writing reflected the trauma of World War I. Some of it was dark & depressing, while other parts emphasized living for the day and partying without worrying about consequences. • Lost generation writers include T.S. Elliot, Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald and others. TIME’S UP!

29. Game Over Teacher’s Name