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ATP Powered Pumps

ATP Powered Pumps. By Adam Attebery. Introduction . General information about ATP activated pumps Four different classes of ATP activated transmembrane proteins Function and examples of each Mechanism of each. ATP Powered Pumps .

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ATP Powered Pumps

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  1. ATP Powered Pumps By Adam Attebery

  2. Introduction • General information about ATP activated pumps • Four different classes of ATP activated transmembrane proteins • Function and examples of each • Mechanism of each

  3. ATP Powered Pumps • Transport various small particles against concentration gradient • All ATP powered pumps are transmembrane with ATP binding site on the cytosolic face of membrane.

  4. 4 classes of pumps • P-class pump • Sodium potassium pumps and calcium pumps • V-class proton pumps • Plasma membrane of osteoclasts • F-class proton pumps • Inner mitochondrial membrane • ABC superfamily • Flippase

  5. P-class Pumps • All contain two identical catalytic α subunits with ATP binding sites • In general P-class pumps are ion pumps that move the molecules against concentration gradient

  6. ATP-Powered Ion Pumps • Ionic composition of the cytosol usually differs greatly from the extracellular fluid • Cytosolic pH is kept near 7.2 regardless of the extracellular pH

  7. F-class and V-class Pumps • Structures are similar to one another • Not related to P-class Pumps • All known F and V-class pumps transport only protons • V-class pumps maintain low pH at the cost of ATP • F-class pumps function to power the synthesis of ATP

  8. ABC Superfamily • Specific to a single substrate or a family of substrates • Ions, sugars, amino acids, phospholipids, peptides, polysaccharides, or even proteins • Structural organization consisting of 4 domains • 2 transmembrane domains • 2 cytosolic ATP-binding domains

  9. Summary • Four classes of transmembrane proteins • Require the hydrolysis of ATP • Two examples of P-class ATPases • Calcium pump of SR in muscle • Sodium Potassium pump • Phosphorylation of the alpha subunits and a conformational change are essential for coupling ATP hydrolysis to transport ions

  10. Summary • V- and F-class ATPases transport protons exclusively • V-class pumps maintain pH • F-class pumps are found in mitochondria and produce ATP

  11. Summary • All ABC superfamily proteins contain four core domains • 2 transmembrane domains • Form pathway for solute movement • Determine substrate specificity • 2 cytosolic ATP-binding domains

  12. Summary • ABC superfamily transport a wide array or substrates including: • Toxins • Drugs • Phospholipids • Peptides • Proteins

  13. Summary • According to the flippase model • Molecules diffuse into cytosolic leaflet • Flip to exoplasmic leaflet in an ATP powered process • Finally diffuses from membrane into extracellular space

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