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Chapter 13 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Section 4: The New South. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction. Objectives:.
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Chapter 13RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Section 4: The New South
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Objectives: • What hopes and expectations did African Americans in the South have for their lives as freedpeople? • How did President Lincoln and Congress differ over plans for Reconstruction? • How did President Johnson’s programs benefit former Confederates? • How did the Black Codes affect freedpeople?
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction African Americans • wished to establish churches and schools • hoped to legalize marriages • hoped to find family members who had been sold away • desired ownership of land • expected basic human rights
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln • wanted to abolish slavery • wanted to give amnesty to most southerners • wished to allow rebel states to rejoin the Union when ten percent of residents who had voted in 1860 pledged loyalty to the Union
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Congress • wanted to abolish slavery • wanted to delay Reconstruction until a majority of each state’s white males took a loyalty oath
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction President Johnson’s programs • gave blanket pardons for most rebels • gave easy terms for readmission into the Union: states had to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery, and refuse to pay war debts
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction The Black Codes • tried to deprive freedpeople of equality • re-established white control over African American labor
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Objectives: • What issues divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era? • Why did moderates and Radical Republicans join forces, and what actions did they take on behalf of African Americans? • Why was President Johnson impeached, and why did the Senate not remove him from office? • Why were African Americans crucial to the election of 1868, and how did Republicans respond to their support?
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Radical Republicans • wanted to create an entirely new South • wanted to give African Americans the right to vote
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Moderate Republicans • wanted to restore southern states to the Union • wanted to keep former Confederates out of government • wanted to give African Americans some civil equality
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Radical and moderate Republicans • joined forces to protect African Americans from violence • passed Civil Rights Act of 1866, over presidential veto • extended the Freedmen’s Bureau, over presidential veto • passed the Fourteenth Amendment
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Johnson’s impeachment • general dislike of Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction policies • Johnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office Act • inappropriate speeches and acts
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Johnson’s acquittal • weak case • overly critical attacks • fear that impeachment would weaken future presidents and the system of checks and balances
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Election of 1868 • African American votes were crucial to getting Ulysses S. Grant elected president. • Republicans passed the Fifteenth Amendment, extending the vote to African American men.
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Objectives: • How did African Americans attempt to improve their lives during the Reconstruction era? • What reforms did Republican governments enact? • How did some African Americans respond to harassment by the Ku Klux Klan? • What caused Reconstruction to end?
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South African Americans improving their lives • registered to vote • joined and formed political organizations • lobbied for political equality • built churches and schools • served as delegates to state constitutional conventions
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Republican government reforms • creation of new state constitutions • abolition of property qualifications for jurors and candidates • creation of new services • establishment of new roads and bridges
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Responses to Ku Klux Klan • retaliation by burning barns • lobbying for congressional protection
Section 3: Reconstruction in the South End of Reconstruction • economic problems such as the Panic of 1873 • immigrant tendency to use universal suffrage to support Democrats • dissolution of alliance between northern business people and freed slaves • increasing white violence in the South • Compromise of 1877
Section 4: The New South Objectives: • What were the drawbacks to the sharecropping system? • How did Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision change life for southern African Americans? • How did African Americans attempt to improve their economic situation after Reconstruction? • How did Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells think African Americans should respond to Jim Crow laws?
Section 4: The New South The sharecropping system • Sharecroppers had no income until harvest time. • System required farmers to rely on one crop only. • System left farmers and the region dependent on outsiders for their food supply.
Section 4: The New South Jim Crow and Plessy v. Ferguson The Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans, and in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal.
Section 4: The New South African American attempts to improve their lives • formed societies and cooperatives • supported churches and schools • supported businessmen
Section 4: The New South Booker T. Washington • wanted African Americans to achieve economic independence • discouraged African Americans from protesting discrimination
Section 4: The New South Ida B. Wells • urged African Americans to protest discrimination • wanted African Americans to leave the South