Chapter 4 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH

1. Chapter 4RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Section 4: The New South

2. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Objectives: • What hopes and expectations did African Americans in the South have for their lives as freedpeople? • How did President Lincoln and Congress differ over plans for Reconstruction? • How did President Johnson’s programs benefit former Confederates? • How did the Black Codes affect freedpeople?

3. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction African Americans • wished to establish churches and schools • hoped to legalize marriages • hoped to find family members who had been sold away • desired ownership of land • expected basic human rights

4. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln • wanted to abolish slavery • wanted to give amnesty to most southerners • wished to allow rebel states to rejoin the Union when ten percent of residents who had voted in 1860 pledged loyalty to the Union

5. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Congress • wanted to abolish slavery • wanted to delay Reconstruction until a majority of each state’s white males took a loyalty oath

6. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction President Johnson’s programs • gave blanket pardons for most rebels • gave easy terms for readmission into the Union: states had to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery, and refuse to pay war debts

7. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction The Black Codes • tried to deprive freedpeople of equality • re-established white control over African American labor

8. Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Objectives: • What issues divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era? • Why did moderates and Radical Republicans join forces, and what actions did they take on behalf of African Americans? • Why was President Johnson impeached, and why did the Senate not remove him from office? • Why were African Americans crucial to the election of 1868, and how did Republicans respond to their support?

9. Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Radical Republicans • wanted to create an entirely new South • wanted to give African Americans the right to vote

10. Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Moderate Republicans • wanted to restore southern states to the Union • wanted to keep former Confederates out of government • wanted to give African Americans some civil equality

11. Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Radical and moderate Republicans • joined forces to protect African Americans from violence • passed Civil Rights Act of 1866, over presidential veto • extended the Freedmen’s Bureau, over presidential veto • passed the Fourteenth Amendment

12. Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Johnson’s impeachment • general dislike of Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction policies • Johnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office Act • inappropriate speeches and acts

13. Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Johnson’s acquittal • weak case • overly critical attacks • fear that impeachment would weaken future presidents and the system of checks and balances

14. Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Election of 1868 • African American votes were crucial to getting Ulysses S. Grant elected president. • Republicans passed the Fifteenth Amendment, extending the vote to African American men.

15. Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Objectives: • How did African Americans attempt to improve their lives during the Reconstruction era? • What reforms did Republican governments enact? • How did some African Americans respond to harassment by the Ku Klux Klan? • What caused Reconstruction to end?

16. Section 3: Reconstruction in the South African Americans improving their lives • registered to vote • joined and formed political organizations • lobbied for political equality • built churches and schools • served as delegates to state constitutional conventions

17. Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Republican government reforms • creation of new state constitutions • abolition of property qualifications for jurors and candidates • creation of new services • construction of new roads and bridges

18. Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Responses to Ku Klux Klan • retaliation by burning barns • lobbying for congressional protection

19. Section 3: Reconstruction in the South End of Reconstruction • economic problems such as the Panic of 1873 • immigrant tendency to use universal suffrage to support Democrats • dissolution of alliance between northern business people and freed slaves • increasing white violence in the South • Compromise of 1877

20. Section 4: The New South Objectives: • What were the drawbacks to the sharecropping system? • How did Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision change life for southern African Americans? • How did African Americans attempt to improve their economic situation after Reconstruction? • How did Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells think African Americans should respond to Jim Crow laws?

21. Section 4: The New South The sharecropping system • Sharecroppers had no income until harvest time. • System required farmers to rely on one crop only. • System left farmers and the region dependent on outsiders for their food supply.

22. Section 4: The New South Jim Crow and Plessy v. Ferguson The Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans, and in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal.

23. Section 4: The New South African American attempts to improve their lives • formed societies and cooperatives • supported churches and schools • supported businessmen

24. Section 4: The New South Booker T. Washington • wanted African Americans to achieve economic independence • discouraged African Americans from protesting discrimination

25. Section 4: The New South Ida B. Wells • urged African Americans to protest discrimination • wanted African Americans to leave the South