A few facts about Pakistan

1. A few facts about Pakistan • Founded by Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. • Pakistan emerged as an independent sovereign state on August 14th 1947. • Capital City: Islamabad • Total Area: 796,095 sq km • Population: 167,421,000 • Language: Urdu (National) English (official) • Divided into 4 provinces: Sindh, Punjab, North West Frontier Province, and Balochistan.

2. Outline • Introduction • Define Governance • Essentials of Good Governance • Reasons of Governance Crisis • Lack of competent Leadership • Political Causes • Administrative Causes • Economic Causes • Social Causes • Nepotism • Horse Trading • Some events that led to governance crisis in Pakistan • Fall of Dhaka • Start of martial laws

3. Introduction • History of our Pakistan from 1947 to 2014 • Our Nation is devoid of the optimism • Lack in the Vigour and belief of Martin Luthur King • Successful Nation today in the world • In Pakistan, the Government came to snatch away all the resources and loot away everything

4. The basic Definition of Governance? • Governance refers to : • “The way power is exercised through a countrys, economical, political and social institutions is called governance” GOOD GOVERNANCE Governance is a pre-requisite for social harmony, public order, political stability, economic prosperity and certainty about future. It delivers the fruit of progress and development. Good governance is required at all levels of state.

5. Essentials of Good Governance • National Integration • Institutional Supremacy • Independent Judiciary • Rule of Law • Educational Opportunities • Equal Distribution of Resources

6. Crisis • Lack of Competent Leadership • Political Causes; Political instability due to interference of military , provincialism issues. • Administrative Causes; Corruption- mother of all evils, Absence of accountability, mismanagement of resources.

8. Corruption? Corruption is wrongdoing on the part of an authority or powerful party through means that are illegitimate, immoral, or incompatible with ethical standards. Corruption often from patronage and is associated with bribery.

9. It has clung to the mankind of Pakistan like an incurable disease. It is rather a great crime againstthe other member of the society.

12. Corruption perception index 2013

15. CORRUPTION IN PAKISTAN • FIRST: general economic conditions are poor and everyone tries his best to feather his own nest. • SECOND: the salaries of government officers are low so they indulge in accepting bribes • THIRD: general prices and standard of living is very high, so the honest way of income fails him in life • FOURTH: social expenditures and customs demands much expenditure of money

16. In this context the following verses of HOLY QURAN is noteworthy for the government servants and politicians and judges of the accountability court s of the country: . • “BUT IF YOU JUDGE ,JUDGE BETWEEN THEM WITH EQUITY.LO ! ALLAH LOVES THOSE WHO DO JUSTICE.

17. 4. Economic causes; Fragile economy, terrorism effecting economy, crisis of energy, food and water. • Social Causes; 40% population below poverty line( UN report) • Nepotism; the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs. • Horse Trading; • The good governance was seriously affected by various regimes to win over support of those members of the National and provincial assemblies, belonging to other parties. • All the major parties indulged in this illegal practice and the Changa Manga politics was introduced. • All the sitting governments in order to control their MNAs and MPAs have to form big cabinets. • In addition to this, they have to spend heavy amount to bribe their legislators. • The recent example of horse trading is witnessed in the Punjab assembly in which a Unification Group was formed among the Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid members.

18. Events that led to the Governance crisis in Pak. • Start of martial laws: • 1956 Constitution did not last longer . • Major-General IskandarMirza took over in August 1955 and later he was confirmed as president. • General Ayyub Khan saw this as an opportunity to fulfill his political ambitions and encouraged army generals to impose martial law in the country. • On October 8, 1958, all assemblies were dissolved and the first martial law was imposed in the country. In fact, this was a beginning of recurring periods of martial law. • General Ayyub ruled the country for 10 years with poor record of governance and was elected president through indirect election. • He deliberately gave the rein of powers to Army chief, General Yayha on March 25, 1969, who imposed martial law in the country.

19. This too off tracked the country from its real path of democracy and the concept of good governance was again violated. • No doubt all these measures were taken in the right direction, but at the later stage they were proved to be a total disaster. • Fall of Dhaka: • This period was worst of its kind as for as governance was concerned and the country facing the consequences of his blunders in the form of bomb blasts and the wave of terrorism.

20. Conclusion • Good Governance is a must to run state affairs in a transparent manner. • The crisis of governance in Pakistan is extensive and it is almost in a state of collapse. • All discretionary power at all government levels should be withdrawn and all decisions should be regulated by law and merit. • All government jobs should be filled through merit to end the culture of approach and bribery. • Good governance also means less expenditure on the government machinery • The key to good governance lies in the fact that all state institutions should work within their limits.

21. Refrences 1- A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan by S. F. Mahmud2- A Short History of Pakistan by M. D. Zafar3- Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan by Hamid Khan  4- Quotes from the Quaid edited by Sharif Al Mujahid and Liaquat Merchant 5-Transperency international 6-Servay of The News and Jung