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Substance Abuse Trends in Maine

Hornby Zeller Associates, Inc. Substance Abuse Trends in Maine. Presented by Tim Diomede. March 2012. Dual Purposes of SEOW/CESN. Purpose of the SEOW. Purpose of the CESN. Promote systematic, data-driven decision-making Guide effective and efficient use of prevention resources.

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Substance Abuse Trends in Maine

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  1. Hornby Zeller Associates, Inc. Substance Abuse Trends in Maine Presented by Tim Diomede March 2012

  2. Dual Purposes of SEOW/CESN Purpose of the SEOW Purpose of the CESN Promote systematic, data-driven decision-making Guide effective and efficient use of prevention resources Identify substance abuse patterns Establish and track substance abuse trends Detect emerging substances and trends

  3. Today’s Focus: State Epi Profile • Data Review and Key Findings • Consumption • Consequences • Contributing Factors • Mental Health • Treatment

  4. Data Sources • Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System (AEDS) • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) • Maine Department of Public Safety (DPS), Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) • Maine Department of Transportation (MDOT), Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) • Maine Health Data Organization (MHDO) • Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey (MIYHS) including reweighted 2009 data • Maine Office of the Chief Medical Examiner • National Survey on Substance Use and Health (NSDUH) • Northern New England Poison Center (NNEPC) • Office of Data, Research and Vital Statistics (ODRVS) • Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) • Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP) • Treatment Data System (TDS) • Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)

  5. Recap from Previous Reports: • Substances of concern: alcohol (high-risk drinking), marijuana, and prescription drugs • Population of concern:18 to 25 year-olds • Notable consequences: alcohol-related crashes, hospitalizations, and poisonings • Treatment admissions for alcohol have been decreasing while synthetic opioids are increasing

  6. State Profile Findings of Interest

  7. Consumption

  8. Alcohol Use: Youth • Past Month usage among Maine high school students has been steadily decreasing since 2001! Source: YRBSS, 2001-2011

  9. Alcohol Use: Youth • Past month binge drinking among high school students dropped from 19% in 2009 to 17% in 2011. Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  10. Alcohol Use: Adults • Past month drinking among adults in Maine has remained relatively stable since 2001. Source: BRFSS 2001-2010

  11. Alcohol Use: Adults • Heavy drinking among young adults has dropped substantially since 2008! Source: BRFSS 2001-2010

  12. Marijuana Use: Youth • Marijuana past month usage among Maine High School students dropped from 2001 to 2005 and seems to have reached a plateau at 21%. Source: YRBSS 2001- 2011

  13. Marijuana Use: Adults • 18-25 year olds are much more likely to use marijuana in the past month. • Marijuana usage among adults in Maine has remained fairly stable since 2002-03. • Most recent data shows slight uptick in usage among adults. Source: NSDUH 2002-03 – 2008-09

  14. Early Initiation of Substance Use:Alcohol • Early initiation has been linked to riskier consumption patterns in adulthood • Proportion of youth starting to drink early has decreased since 2001 Source: YRBSS 2001-2011

  15. Early Initiation of Substance Use: Marijuana • The proportion of High School students who reported trying marijuana for the first time before the age of 13 decreased between the years of 2001 and 2011 from 12 % to 7 % Source: YRBSS 2001-2011

  16. Prescription Drug Use: Youth Past lifetime as well as past month misusage of prescription drugs among Maine High School students has decreased from 2009 to 2011 Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  17. Prescription Drug Use: Adults Misuse of pain relievers among adults has remained relatively stable since 2003 18-25 year olds reported the highest percentage (14%) for misusing pain relievers Source: NSDUH 2003-04 to 2008-09

  18. Cocaine Use: Youth Lifetime Cocaine use among Maine High School Students has decreased from 10% in 2009 to 7% in 2011 Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  19. Cocaine Use: (twelve and older) Past year use of cocaine has remained relatively stable since 2003 18 to 25 year olds reported highest rate of past year cocaine use (8%) Source: NSDUH 2003-04 to 2008-09

  20. Inhalant Use: Youth Past lifetime inhalant use among Maine High School students remained stable from 2001 to 2007 Reported inhalant use has decreased from 15% in 2009 to 11 % in 2011 Source: YRBSS 2001-2011

  21. Consequences

  22. Pregnancy and Substance Use Remained fairly stable over the past decade. Almost 1 in 5 pregnant women reported smoking during their last trimester. 8% reported drinking in their last trimester. Source: PRAMS, 2004-2010

  23. Pregnancy and Substance Use Since 2005, about 5% of women seeking treatment were pregnant (262) 52% sought treatment for synthetic opiates, increasing steadily since 2007 Source: TDS, 2007-2011

  24. Alcohol has been consistently involved in 5 percent of total motor vehicle crashes (not shown here) • In 2010, alcohol was involved in 45 out of 161 total fatal crashes (28%). Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes Source: MDOT, 2005-2010

  25. In 2010, 21 to 24 year olds had the highest alcohol related crash rates. Overall, alcohol related crash rates appear to be trending downward across all age ranges. Alcohol Related Crashes by Age Source: MDOT, 2007-2010

  26. Hospital Admissions: Inpatient • In 2009, alcohol was the primary substance associated with inpatient admissions related to substance use (686), followed by opiates (216) Source: MHDO 2006-2009

  27. Hospital Admissions: Outpatient • Outpatient hospital visits related to Opiates (including prescription narcotics, methadone, and heroin) have steadily been increasing since 2006

  28. Overdose Deaths Due to Drugs • Since 2001, total overdose deaths have been increasing • Overdose deaths due to pharmaceuticals (such as methadone, oxycodone, and benzodiazepines) have been rising dramatically since 1997 *Deaths related to pharmaceutical or illicit overdose are not mutually exclusive. Source: Sorg, Marcella H. “Report from Maine, CEWG June 2011.” (2011).

  29. Contributing Factors

  30. Youth Access to Alcohol • In 2011, two out of three Maine High school students reported it would easy for them to get alcohol. Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  31. Youth Access to Alcohol • One in three Maine High School students who consumed alcohol in the past month reported that someone had given it to them. Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  32. Youth Access to Drugs • Students who reported they thought it was easy to get marijuana were seven times more likely to use in the past month. (not depicted) • In 2011, 57% of high school students felt it would be easy to get marijuana. Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  33. Youth Access to Drugs • In 2011, almost one in four Maine High School students reported being sold offered, or given an illegal drug on school property • Increased from 21% in 2009 to 24% in 2011 Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  34. Perceived Risk of Harm: Alcohol • High School students perceiving risk of regular alcohol use has decreased from 2009 to 2011 • In 2011, two out of five High School students did not think regular alcohol use was harmful Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  35. Perceived Risk of Harm: Marijuana • High School students perceiving risk of regular marijuana use decreased from 61% in 2009 to 56% in 2011 • Almost half of Maine High School students felt there was little to no risk of harm Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  36. Perceived Enforcement: Parents and Police • In 2011, 44% of Maine High School Students thought they would be caught by their parents for drinking (an increase since 2009) • Students who reported that a kid would be caught by the police for drinking decreased from 16% in 2009 to 15% in 2011 Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  37. Perception of Adult Attitudes: Alcohol • In 2011, 86% of High School students reported that they thought their parents felt it was wrong for them to drink on a regular basis • Students who reported that adults in their community think it is wrong for youth to use alcohol increased from 73% in 2009, to 75% in 2011 Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  38. Perception of Adult Attitudes: Marijuana • Students who reported their parents would feel it would be wrong for them to smoke marijuana decreased from 87% in 2009 to 84% in 2011 • Students who thought adults in their community would feel it would be wrong for them to smoke marijuana decreased from 80% in 2009 to 77% in 2011 Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  39. Mental Health, Suicide and Co-occuring Disorders

  40. Mental Illness, Depression and Anxiety • In 2008-09, 35% of young adults (18 to 25) reported experiencing any mental illness in the past year, compared to 19% of adults ages 26 and older. *Any mental illness is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a substance use disorder, that met the criteria found the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Source: NSDUH 2008-09

  41. Depression: Adults • In 2010, more than 1 out 5 adults in Maine reported having ever been diagnosed with depression • 17% of adults reported having ever been diagnosed with anxiety Source: BRFSS 2008-2010

  42. Depression: Youth • In 2011, the proportion of high school students who reported feeling sad or helpless during the past year increased slightly, from 22% in 2009 to 23% in 2011 Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  43. Mental Health and Alcohol Use • in 2011, 13% of high school students reported that they seriously considered suicide in the past year, 9% reported that they planned for it and 8% reported actually attempting suicide Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  44. Mental Health and Alcohol Use • in 2011, 15% of high school students who had consumed alcohol in the previous 30 days reported they had planned suicide and 12% reported that they attempted suicide in the past year • High school students who consumed alcohol in the past month were more than two times as likely to have planned or attempted suicide Source: MIYHS 2009, 2011

  45. Mental Health and Treatment • In 2011, more than half of all substance abuse treatment admissions also had a diagnosed mental health disorder • This proportion has increased by 7 percentage points since 2007 Source: TDS, 2007-2011

  46. Treatment Admissions for Substance Abuse

  47. Treatment Admissions by Substance: Primary • The overall number of Mainers seeking treatment has been declining since 2007, from 14,843 to 11,380 in 2011 (not depicted) • In 2011 there were 4,421 admissions for alcohol as the primary substance, followed by synthetic opioids (3,630) and marijuana (1,094) Source: TDS, 2011 Source: TDS, 2011

  48. Treatment Admissions by Substance: Secondary • Marijuana leads secondary admissions with 31%, followed closely by synthetic opioids at 28%, followed by alcohol (13%) and cocaine (10%) • Synthetic opioids make up the second largest proportions for both primary and secondary admissions

  49. Alcohol • Alcohol is the most used substance in Maine • Overall decline among alcohol use (lifetime and 30 day use) among Mainers • Among high school students who had consumed alcohol, close to one-third reported starting before the age of 13 • Young adults are the most likely age group to binge drink and to drink heavily • Alcohol was involved in 28% of fatal crashes in 2010 • 21-24 year olds have the highest rates of alcohol related motor vehicle crashes and crash fatalities • Alcohol is the primary presenting factor in most substance abuse treatment admissions in Maine Conclusion

  50. Prescription Drugs • 7% of high school students had misused prescription drugs in the past month • 14% of young adults ages 18-25 misused pain relievers within the past year • Prescription drug misuse continues to have a large impact on treatment and hospitalizations in Maine • Other illicit Drugs • The most commonly used illegal drug in Maine is marijuana • 22% of high school students in Maine have used marijuana in the past 30 days • More than one-fifth of current High School users started using marijuana before the age of 13 • 26% of young adults (18-25) used marijuana in the past month, and15% think smoking marijuana once per month poses great risks • Overall, perception of harm and wrongness of Marijuana use has decreased Conclusion

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