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What vs. Why The Attribution Process

What vs. Why The Attribution Process. On the importance of attributions. Outline. Basic distinction: internal vs. external attributions Kelley’s covariation model* Discounting vs. augmentation The Self Personal attributional style (pessimistic vs. optimistic)

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What vs. Why The Attribution Process

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  1. What vs. Why The Attribution Process

  2. On the importance of attributions

  3. Outline • Basic distinction: internal vs. external attributions • Kelley’s covariation model* • Discounting vs. augmentation • The Self • Personal attributional style (pessimistic vs. optimistic) • Ability vs. effort on task performance/ intelligence • Biases in attributions

  4. Internal vs. external attributions

  5. Discounting vs. augmentation

  6. pessimistic vs. optimistic attributional styles • Pessimists explain/see negative events as • Global • Nothing goes right in my life • I’m a loser • I can’t do anything right • Internal • it’s always my fault… • Stable • it’ll always be that way…

  7. Some amazing data: Peterson, Seligman, & Valliant (1988) How explanatory styles can predict health decades later…

  8. Attributions about performance and general intelligence:Ability vs. effort • Carol Dweck’s work on male vs. female styles • Dweck, Davidson, Nelson, & Enna (1978)

  9. Biases in attributions • Self-serving bias • Ubiquitous (e.g. athletics)

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