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GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY . EARLY STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYOGENESIS

GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY . EARLY STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYOGENESIS. Plan of the lecture. The oocyte and spermatozoon The histophysiology of the fertilization Cleavage Imbedding in the endometrium Gastrulation. Spermatozoon. Spermatozoon.

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GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY . EARLY STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYOGENESIS

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  1. GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY. EARLY STAGES OF HUMAN EMBRYOGENESIS

  2. Plan of the lecture • The oocyte and spermatozoon • The histophysiology of the fertilization • Cleavage • Imbedding in the endometrium • Gastrulation

  3. Spermatozoon

  4. Spermatozoon Строение и функциональные особенности мужских половых клеток. Хвост сперматозоида Plasma membrane – specific proteins Acrosoma – acrosine & hialuronidasa В этой части вокруг аксонемы - 9 наружных фибрилл, митохондриальная спиральная оболочка и плазмолемма. Здесь вокруг аксонемы -фибриллярное влагалище (9 наружных фибрилл иволокнистая оболочка), а также плазмолемма. В этой части вокруг аксонемы остаётся только плазмолемма

  5. Строение и функциональные особенности мужских половых клеток. Хвост сперматозоида Spermatozoon

  6. Строение и функциональные особенности женских половых клеток. Специфические структуры цитоплазмы Oocyte Oligolecital Isolecital Cortical granules Lipid granules – phosphovitine & lipovitelline

  7. Строение и функциональные особенности женских половых клеток. Специфические структуры цитоплазмы Oocyte Zona pellucida – glycoproteins: 3 fractions zp1, zp2, zp3 Zp2 – prevent polyspermia Zp3- receptors

  8. Строение и функциональные особенности женских половых клеток. Специфические структуры цитоплазмы Oocyte Gingamones I – agglutination of the spermatozoons Gingamones II – start up capacitation (activization of the spermatozoons)

  9. FERTILIZATION 1.DISTANT INTERACTION OF GAMETS 2.CONTACT INTERACTION BINDING ACROSOMAL REACTION PENETRATION OF OVUM BY SPERMATOZOON CORTICAL REACTION 3.SYNGAMY 4.SYNKARYON

  10. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события DISTANT INTERACTION OF GAMETS 1. Spermatozoons enter the uteral cavity by rhythmic contractions of the vagyna caused by prostaglandins (hormones of the prostatic gland) 2. Capacytation of spermatozoons by Gingamones II - activation of the metabolic rate + spermatozoons lost the superficial glycoproteins 3. Their motions caused by rhythmic tail’s contractions becoming fast 4. Reotaxis, Chemotaxis (attractants – peptides of the oocyte) 1. Oocyte – pass through the tube using the mucous flow caused by cilia motions

  11. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события CONTACT INTERACTION OF GAMETS BINDING ACROSOMAL REACTION PENETRATION OF OVUM BY SPERMATOZOON CORTICAL REACTION

  12. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события BINDING

  13. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события ACROSOMAL REACTION

  14. PENETRATION OF OVUM BY SPERMATOZOON Связывание клеток

  15. CORTICAL REACTION Связывание клеток

  16. CORTICAL REACTION • By the ion pump the polarization of the fertilized oocyte • changes. This is why the content of the destructed cortical • granules leave the cytoplasm and modify the Zp3 (oocyte • lost receptors – no place for binding). Modified Zp2 cause • creation of the fertilization coat and the perivitellar space. • 2. Fresh expressed Gingamones I initialize the agglutination • of the other spermatozoons. Связывание клеток

  17. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события

  18. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события

  19. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события

  20. CLEAVAGE TOTAL, UNEQUAL, ASYNCHRONOUS EMBRYOBLAST TROPHOBLAST BLASTOCYST (5-th DAY) MORULA (2-nd DAY)

  21. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события

  22. GASTRULATION PRIMITIVE NODE PRIMITIVE STREACK

  23. BILAMINAR EMBRYONIC DISC (14-th DAY)

  24. NEURULATION STAGES (16 – 22- nd DAYS): 1.INDUCTION & FORMATION OF NEURAL PLATE 2.FORMATION OF NEURAL GROOVE 3.FORMATION OF NEURAL CREST 4.CLOSURE OF NEURAL TUBE CLOSURE OF THE CRANIAL NEUROPORE – 25-27-th DAY CLOSURE OF THE CAUDAL NEUROPORE – 28-30 DAY

  25. DIFFERENTIATION OF MESODERM SOMITES INTERMEDIATE MESODERM SPLANCHNOTOMES

  26. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события

  27. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события

  28. EMBRYOBLAST EPIBLASTHYPOBLAST EMBRYONIC EXTRAEMBRYONIC ECTO-, ENTODERM MESO- & ENT(D)ODERM EXTRAEMBRYONIC MESODERM EXTRAEMBRYONIC ECTODERM TROPHOBLAST EPITHELIUM OF CHORION & PLACENTA

  29. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события

  30. ОПЛОДОТВОРЕНИЕ Основные события

  31. PERIODS OF EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT PREEMBRYONIC 3 WEEKS EMBRYONIC 3-rd – 8-th WEEKS FETAL FROM 9-th WEEK

  32. THE BASIC EVENTS DURING 3 WEEKS OF EMBRYOGENESIS

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