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Bust of Philip the Arabian

Bust of Philip the Arabian. c. AD 244-249. The list of Emperors. Trajanic Dynasty Nerva AD96-98 Trajan AD98-117 Hadrian AD117-138 Antonine Dynasty Antoninus Pius AD138-161 Marcus Aurelius AD161- 180 Lucis Verus AD161-169 Commodus AD177-192 Severan dynasty (11 emperors)

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Bust of Philip the Arabian

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  1. Bust of Philip the Arabian c. AD 244-249

  2. The list of Emperors Trajanic Dynasty • Nerva AD96-98 • Trajan AD98-117 • Hadrian AD117-138 Antonine Dynasty • Antoninus Pius AD138-161 • Marcus Aurelius AD161- 180 • Lucis Verus AD161-169 • Commodus AD177-192 Severan dynasty • (11 emperors) Emperors during the height of crisis AD 235-268 • Philip the Arabian • Many others (constant change) • Constantine AD 337-307 Julio-Claudian dynasty • Augustus 27BC- AD14 • Tiberius AD14 - 37 • Caligula AD37 – 41 • Claudius AD 41- 54 • Nero AD54- 68 Year of 4 emperors (AD 68 –AD69) • Galba • Otho • Vitellius Flavian Dynasty • Vespasian AD69-79 • Titus AD79-81 • Domitian AD 81-96

  3. F a c t s Height: 71 cm Date: AD 244-249 Philip’s full name: Caesar Marcus Iulius Phillipus Augustus Notes: Paul Artus p. Workbook p.85, 86, 87, 88 Vocab Senate:…………………...senators passed laws in the high courts Equestrian: …………….families that officers and governors were selected from. They were the wealthy and well- connected, almost equal to senate in social standing. Praetorium Guard:….elite troops who accompanied the Emperor and protected him

  4. Background to the bust of Philip the Arabian • Philip was Emperor of Rome at a very unstable time – in all areas - political, economic, religious and military • Emperors were very short-lived, and there were many in a short period of time – they were usually murdered. • He was only Emperor for 5 years, he and his son were murdered by his own soldiers in AD 249 at the Battle of Verona. They preferred his rival, Decius as Emperor. • He was an Arab from Syria, not from Rome • He was a member of an important Equestrian family • He was Appointed Prefect of the Praetorian guard by Gordian III • Philip became Emperor after Gordian III died fighting the Persians (Philip was suspected of killing Gordian III, but he was innocent)

  5. Features of Philip Philip’s features: • Closely cropped hair & beard created by using a sharp chisel • Sight turn of the head, eyes look upward & iris outlined & pupils removed • Distinct scowl, lips pressed shut, showing concern • Marble is not polished making it not flashy • He has semitic (Syrian/Arab)features: • Prominent nose • Bump on the nose • High sculptured cheek bones • Heavy jaw line This is an image of a military emperor, it is in the veristic style of the late Republican period (when the Patrician carrying busts was created), and has no extra fancy detail. It is very different to Commodus style He wears Toga contabulata (a new form of toga, and was fashionable in the late Roman Empire

  6. Philip’s expression Philip looks concerned: • his gaze is to the right– he does not address the viewer but looks away -reflecting the political uncertainty & his anxieties about the Empire at the time. It has been misinterpreted as looking ‘shifty and opportunistic’ • He has a deeply furrowed brow showing concern for Rome & the people – he does not address the viewer with a look of command • His face which shows a worried expression exhibits his nobility, dignity and strength – qualities needed during Rome’s difficult times • Philip was very different to other Emperors in that he was not from an illustrious Imperial background like Commodus • He was a man who rose to power at a time of great adversity and survived through the strength of his will.

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