The Byzantine Empire

1. The Byzantine Empire Chapter 11 Section 1

2. Key Terms Justinian Justinian code Hagia Sophia Patriarch Icon Excommunication Cyrillic alphabet

3. A New Rome on a New Setting • Roman Empire divided in 395 • Justinian 527 • Sent Belisarius to recover North Africa • Two years later Belisarius attacked Rome

4. A New Rome in a New Setting • Seized it from the Ostrogoths • Justinian armies won nearly all of Italy and parts of Spain • Byzantine Emperors rule with absolute power • Headed the church and the state

5. A New Rome in a New Setting • They appointed and dismissed bishops at will • 89 Byzantine emperors 29 died violently • 13 left the throne for monasteries

6. Life in New Rome • Separate governments • Most did not speak Latin • Most spoke Greek • Justinian code- single uniform code that consisted of four works

7. Justinian Code • Code has 5000 Roman laws • Digest-opinions of Rome’s greatest thinkers about law (50 volumes) • The Institutes-textbook for law students • The Novellae-New laws, legislation after 534

8. Creating the Imperial Capitol • Justinian rebuilt Constantinople • Viewed churches as the most visible sign of connection of church and state • Hagia Sophia-hailed as the most splendid church in the Christian world

9. Creating the Imperial Capitol • Build new aqueducts • Public baths • Courts • Schools • Hospitals • Preserved Greco-Roman culture • Families valued education

10. Constantinople’s Hectic Pace • Mese- middle way runs through Constantinople • Merchants line the streets • Free entertainment at the Hippodrome • Rioters wanted Justinian overthrown • 30,000 rebels slaughtered

11. Video Questions What kind of things does Justinian banish from his Empire? (Give two) The Hippodrome was the center of Constantinople’s public ____________ What was the shape of it? It is about the size of what in today’s time? In 532 AD. What happens at the Hippodrome. (Wait till 5:00 in video) What was Justinian’s main priority? Constantinople is considered the capital of the _________________ world.

12. The Empire Falls • Justinian dies 565 • Plague of Justinian • Came from India • 10,000 people a day died • Lasted till 700

13. The Empire Falls • Attacks from East and West • Lombards in the west • Avars, Slavs, Bulgars from the north • Persians in the East • Attacked Constantinople • Russians and the Turks • Fought their way into Byzantine territory

14. The Empire Falls • Byzantines tried to protect their empire by • Bribes • Diplomacy • Military power • 7th century • Herculias emperor • Provinces became military districts • Constantinople fell in 1453

15. The Church Divides • Christianity different in East and West • Saint Basil wrote how Christians should behave • 398 to 404 Chrysostom • Patriarch-a leading bishop of the east • Still bowed to emperor

16. The Church Divides • 730 Emperor Leo III banned icons • Icons-religious images used by eastern Christians • Said it was idol worship • People rioted, clergy rebelled • Excommunication-outcast of the church

17. The Church Divides • Pope excommunicates a Byzantine emperor • Theodora restores icons • 1034- Pope and Patriarch excommunicate each other • Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

18. Byzantine Missionaries Convert Slavs • Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril worked with Slavs • Made alphabet for Slavic languages • Cyrillic Alphabet- written in Slav and Russian • Slavs could read the Bible in their own tongue