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Artificial Intelligence & Cognitive Science

Artificial Intelligence & Cognitive Science. By: Andrea Pope, Cindy Burdine, and Kazumi Inoue. What is Artificial Intelligence?.

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Artificial Intelligence & Cognitive Science

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  1. Artificial Intelligence & Cognitive Science By: Andrea Pope, Cindy Burdine, and Kazumi Inoue

  2. What is Artificial Intelligence? • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the attempt for computers to perform intelligent actions. According to John McCarthy, AI is science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. SDR－3X--- can dance with music from Sony

  3. Brief History of AI • 1950s – The Beginning of AI * “Simon” by Edmund Berkeley created * ”Computing Machinery & Intelligence” by Alan Turing * John McCarthy coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” * First running AI program at CMU * McCarthy creates LISP

  4. History continued… • 1960s and 1970s * Danny Bobrow shows that computers can understand natural language enough to solve algebra word problems * Joseph Weizenbaum builds ELIZA * Shakey, a robot is created, which combines locomotion, perception, and problem solving * The first computer-controlled vehicle was built

  5. History continued… • 1980s and Early 1990s * Danny Hills co-founds Thinking Machines * The drawing program, Aaron, was created * Major advances in all areas of AI, such as machine learnng, intelligent tutoring, case-based reasoning, multi-agent planning, scheduling, virtual reality, etc.

  6. History continued… • Late 1990s and Today * IBM computer Deep Blue beats the World Champion chess player * Web crawlers and other AI-based information extraction programs became Web essentials * Interactive robot pets become commercially available

  7. People That Have Influenced AI • Herbert Simon * Father of modern research in AI * Developed first AI software *Computers stimulate human thinking • Allen Newell Herbert Simon *Unified Systems of Cognition *SOAR *Human problem solving

  8. People continued… • John McCarthy * Coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” * Invented LISP John McCarthy • Marvin Minsky *The Society of the Mind *Computers and human commonsense reasoning

  9. People continued… • Alan Turing * “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” * The Turing Test --http://www.AlanTuring.net • John Searle Alan Turing * Critique of computationalism and Strong AI * Theory of intentionality * Formed a naturalized theory of consciousness

  10. Differences between Strong AI and Weak AI • Strong AI --Claims that computers can be made to think on a level (at least) equal to humans and possibly even be conscious of themselves • Weak AI --States that some “thinking-like” features can be added to computers to make them more useful tools

  11. Aspects of AI • Fuzzy Logic --Expresses operational laws of a system in linguistic terms instead of mathematical equations • Moore’s Law --The pace of microchip technology change is such that the amount of data storage that a microchip can hold doubles every year or at least every 18 months

  12. Other Aspects of AI • Neural Networks -- Systems that attempt to allow learning and to adapt to different tasks that they are presented with • Robotics --This field attempts to create robots that act intelligently • Games -- Good example of “Strong AI”

  13. AI and Today • Machines doing the jobs of humans and animals. • Artificial Intelligence and the future. --AI and American Idol http://mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=48160 Palm Pilot Maron-1: a phone controlled robot for the home Asimo--- can work fast and smooth like human from Honda.

  14. References http://www.open2net/nextbigthing/ai/ai_in_depth/in.depth.htm http://www.pcai.com/web/ai_info/fuzzy_logic.htm http://www.webopedia.com/moore’slaw http://www.emsl.pnl.gov:2080/proj/neuron/neural/what.html http://www.faqs.org/faqs/ai-faq/general/part1/section-4.html http://www.ptproject.ilstu.edu/STRONGAI.HTML http://www.peace.saumag.edu/faculty/kardas/Courses/CS/Lectures/AI.html http://www.psy.cmu.edu/psy/faculty/hsimon/hsimon.html http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/index.html

  15. References http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/mccarthy.html http://www.turing.org.uk/turing http://www.kuoi.asui.uidaho.edu/~kamikaze/documents/minsky.html http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/ http://www.heinz1.library.cmu.edu/Newell/ http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/MindDict/searle.html http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2001-06-20-ai-history.htm http://www.generation5.org/aihistory.shtml http://www.geocities.com/amy_hua_tang/hardware.html http://www.blinkenlights.com/pc.shtml

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